Mullus surmuletus, Surmullet : fisheries, gamefish

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Mullus surmuletus Linnaeus, 1758

Surmullet
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Mullus surmuletus   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Mullus surmuletus (Surmullet)
Mullus surmuletus
Photo de Patzner, R.

Greece country information

Common names: Avotáracho, Barbouni, Barboúni
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: abundant (always seen in some numbers) | Ref: Tsimenides, N., G. Tserpes, A. Machias and A. Kallianiotis, 1991
Importance: commercial | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Found in Cretan shelf (Ref. 40188). Also Ref. 4517, 9988. Also Ref. 40188.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/gr.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Papaconstantinou, C., 2014
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Rouget de roche, Salmonete de roca, طرستوج الصّخرة، سمك السّلطان سليمان الصّخريّ, ... more

Classification / Names Noms communs | Synonymes | Catalog of Fishes(Genre, Espèce) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Mulliformes (Goatfishes) > Mullidae (Goatfishes)
Etymology: Mullus: Latin, mullus = soft (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / profondeur / distribution range Écologie

marin démersal; océanodrome (Ref. 51243); profondeur 5 - 409 m (Ref. 56504). Subtropical; 62°N - 14°N, 19°W - 42°E

Distribution Pays | Zones FAO | Écosystèmes | Occurrences | Carte par point | Introductions | Faunafri

Eastern Atlantic: Western Norway, English Channel (rare in North Sea) to Dakar, Senegal and the Canary Islands, including the Mediterranean and the Black Sea.

Length at first maturity / Taille / Poids / Âge

Maturité: Lm 16.1, range 15 - 26 cm
Max length : 40.0 cm SL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 3397); common length : 25.0 cm SL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 4845); poids max. publié: 1.0 kg (Ref. 35388); âge max. reporté: 11 années (Ref. 92286)

Description synthétique Clés d'identification | Morphologie | Morphométrie

Head is less steep. Barbels longer than pectoral fin. Body with longitudinal red and brown stripes. First dorsal fin with dark markings (Ref. 35388).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.

Biologie     Glossaire (ex. epibenthic)

Adults occur on broken and rough grounds but also found over sand and soft bottoms at depths less than 100 m. Depth range from 5-60 m (Ref. 07313) and from 305-409 m in the eastern Ionian Sea (Ref. 56504). Feed on benthic organisms such as shrimps and amphipods, polychaetes, mollusks, and benthic fishes. Spawning occurs from May to July, eggs and larvae are pelagic (Ref. 4845). Marketed fresh and frozen for steaming, pan-frying, broiling and baking (Ref. 9988).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturité | Reproduction | Frai | Œufs | Fécondité | Larves

A determinate spawner (Ref. 41706).

Référence principale Upload your references | Références | Coordinateur : Randall, John E. | Collaborateurs

Ben-Tuvia, A., 1990. Mullidae. p. 827-829. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 7313)

Statut dans la liste rouge de l'IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)

  Préoccupation mineure (LC) ; Date assessed: 14 July 2014

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Menace pour l'homme

  Harmless





Utilisations par l'homme

Pêcheries: commercial; pêche sportive: oui
FAO - pêcheries: landings, Résumé espèce; Publication: search | FIRMS - Stock assessments | FishSource | Sea Around Us

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Écologie trophique
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Écologie
Écologie
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Outils

Bio-Quiz | E-book | Guide de terrain | Clés d'identification | Générateur de fréquences de longueur | Outil de dynamique de population | Carte par point | Catch-MSY |

Articles particuliers

Maintenance en aquarium | Articles sur l'espèce | Rapports d'aquaculture

Télécharger en XML

Page de résumé | Coordonnées géographiques | Noms communs | Photos

Sources Internet

AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: Genre, Espèce | DiscoverLife | DORIS | ECOTOX | FAO - pêcheries: landings, Résumé espèce; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | Bases de données nationales | OneZoom | Open Tree of Life | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | Aquariums publics | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | TreeBase | Arbre de Vie | Wikipedia: aller à, chercher | Zoobank | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Réf. 123201): 7 - 16.1, mean 10.2 °C (based on 549 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Réf. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5312   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00891 (0.00818 - 0.00971), b=3.11 (3.08 - 3.14), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Niveau trophique (Réf. 69278):  3.5   ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 3.8 (2.2 - 4.2) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 25 growth studies.
Résilience (Réf. 120179):  Faible, temps minimum de doublement de population : 4,5 à 14 années (K=0.1-0.7; tm=2; tmax=11).
Prior r = 0.87, 95% CL = 0.58 - 1.31, Based on 9 full stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Moderate vulnerability (42 of 100). 🛈
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  Low vulnerability (19 of 100). 🛈
Catégorie de prix (Ref. 80766):   Very high.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 70.8 [39.2, 146.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.438 [0.173, 1.644] mg/100g; Protein = 19.1 [18.2, 20.0] %; Omega3 = 0.824 [0.529, 1.298] g/100g; Selenium = 23.7 [10.9, 50.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 15.1 [5.3, 54.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.228 [0.152, 0.506] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.