Mullus surmuletus, Surmullet : fisheries, gamefish

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Mullus surmuletus Linnaeus, 1758

Surmullet
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Mullus surmuletus   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Mullus surmuletus (Surmullet)
Mullus surmuletus
Photo von Patzner, R.

Greece country information

Common names: Avotáracho, Barbouni, Barboúni
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: abundant (always seen in some numbers) | Ref: Tsimenides, N., G. Tserpes, A. Machias and A. Kallianiotis, 1991
Importance: commercial | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Found in Cretan shelf (Ref. 40188). Also Ref. 4517, 9988. Also Ref. 40188.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/gr.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Papaconstantinou, C., 2014
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Rouget de roche, Salmonete de roca, طرستوج الصّخرة، سمك السّلطان سليمان الصّخريّ, ... more

Klassifizierung / Names Namen | Synonyme | Catalog of Fishes(Gattung, Arten) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Mulliformes (Goatfishes) > Mullidae (Goatfishes)
Etymology: Mullus: Latin, mullus = soft (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / Tiefenbereich / distribution range Ökologie

seewasser demersal; ozeanodrom (Ref. 51243); tiefenbereich 5 - 409 m (Ref. 56504). Subtropical; 62°N - 14°N, 19°W - 42°E

Verbreitung Länder | FAO Gebiete | Ecosystems | Vorkommen | Punkt Karte | Einführungen | Faunafri

Eastern Atlantic: Western Norway, English Channel (rare in North Sea) to Dakar, Senegal and the Canary Islands, including the Mediterranean and the Black Sea.

Length at first maturity / Size / Gewicht / Alter

Geschlechtsreife: Lm 16.1, range 15 - 26 cm
Max length : 40.0 cm SL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 3397); common length : 25.0 cm SL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 4845); max. veröff. Gewicht: 1.0 kg (Ref. 35388); max. veröff. Alter: 11 Jahre (Ref. 92286)

Kurzbeschreibung Bestimmungsschlüssel | Morphologie | Morphometrie

Head is less steep. Barbels longer than pectoral fin. Body with longitudinal red and brown stripes. First dorsal fin with dark markings (Ref. 35388).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.

Biologie     Fachlexikon (Englisch) (z.B. epibenthic)

Adults occur on broken and rough grounds but also found over sand and soft bottoms at depths less than 100 m. Depth range from 5-60 m (Ref. 07313) and from 305-409 m in the eastern Ionian Sea (Ref. 56504). Feed on benthic organisms such as shrimps and amphipods, polychaetes, mollusks, and benthic fishes. Spawning occurs from May to July, eggs and larvae are pelagic (Ref. 4845). Marketed fresh and frozen for steaming, pan-frying, broiling and baking (Ref. 9988).

Life cycle and mating behavior Geschlechtsreife | Fortpflanzung | Ablaichen | Eier | Fecundity | Larven

A determinate spawner (Ref. 41706).

Hauptreferenz Upload your references | Referenzen | Koordinator : Randall, John E. | Partner

Ben-Tuvia, A., 1990. Mullidae. p. 827-829. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 7313)

IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)

  nicht bedroht (LC) ; Date assessed: 14 July 2014

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Bedrohung für Menschen

  Harmless





Nutzung durch Menschen

Fischereien: kommerziell; Sportfisch: ja
FAO - Fischereien: landings, Artbeschreibung; Publication: search | FIRMS - Stock assessments | FishSource | Sea Around Us

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Internet Quellen

AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | FishWatcher Einträge suchen | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: Gattung, Arten | DiscoverLife | DORIS | ECOTOX | FAO - Fischereien: landings, Artbeschreibung; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | Nationale Datenbanken | OneZoom | Open Tree of Life | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | Öffentliche Aquarien | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | TreeBase | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: Gehe zu, Suchen | Zoobank | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 7 - 16.1, mean 10.2 °C (based on 549 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5312   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00891 (0.00818 - 0.00971), b=3.11 (3.08 - 3.14), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Trophic level (Ref. 69278):  3.5   ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 3.8 (2.2 - 4.2) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 25 growth studies.
Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref. 120179):  niedrig, Verdopplung der Population dauert 4,5 - 14 Jahre. (K=0.1-0.7; tm=2; tmax=11).
Prior r = 0.87, 95% CL = 0.58 - 1.31, Based on 9 full stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Moderate vulnerability (42 of 100). 🛈
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  Low vulnerability (19 of 100). 🛈
Preiskategorie (Ref. 80766):   Very high.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 70.8 [39.2, 146.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.438 [0.173, 1.644] mg/100g; Protein = 19.1 [18.2, 20.0] %; Omega3 = 0.824 [0.529, 1.298] g/100g; Selenium = 23.7 [10.9, 50.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 15.1 [5.3, 54.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.228 [0.152, 0.506] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.