Common names from other countries
分类 / Names
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Teleostei >
Carangiformes (Jacks)
鱸形目 (Jacks) >
Carangidae (Jacks and pompanos) > Naucratinae
Etymology: Elagatis: Greek, elakate, -es = distaff, cane (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Quoy & Gaimard.
Issue
Date and spelling Smith-Vaniz, pers. comm.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 礁区鱼类; 深度上下限 0 - 150 m (Ref. 9710), usually 2 - 10 m (Ref. 40849). 亞熱帶的; 44°N - 41°S, 180°W - 180°E
Western Atlantic: Massachusetts, USA and northern Gulf of Mexico to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Ref. 57756). Eastern Atlantic: off Genoa, Italy in the Mediterranean (Ref. 4233) and from Côte d'Ivoire to Angola (Ref. 7097). Throughout the Indo-Pacific (Ref. 37816), but rare or absent in the Persian Gulf (Ref. 3287). Eastern Pacific: mouth of Gulf of California to Ecuador; including the Galapagos Islands (Ref. 9283).
遍及全球的海洋。 西大西洋: 美國麻薩諸塞州與墨西哥灣北部到巴西東北部。 東大西洋: 在地中海 (參考文獻 4233) 中的外海義大利熱那亞與從象牙海岸到安哥拉.(參考文獻 7097) 記錄來自維德角 (參考文獻 27000) 與聖保羅岩礁了。 (參考文獻 13121) 在西印度洋各處, 但是稀有的或不存在於波斯灣.(參考文獻 3287) 東太平洋: 加州灣灣口到厄瓜多; 包括加拉巴哥群島。 (參考文獻 9283) 整個的印度-太平洋.(參考文獻 37816) 西太平洋: 斐濟與吐瓦魯 (參考文獻 12690) ，澳洲 (參考文獻 7300) 與紐西蘭.(參考文獻 5755)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 64.6 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 180 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 26340); common length : 90.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5217); 最大体重: 46.2 kg (Ref. 40637); 最大年龄: 6 年 (Ref. 96992)
背棘 (总数) : 7; 背的软条 (总数) : 25 - 30; 臀棘: 2; 臀鳍软条: 18 - 22; 脊椎骨: 24. This species is distinguished by the following characters: the upper jaw ending distinctly before eye (and to below anterior margin of eye in young); dorsal fin with a detached terminal 2-rayed finlet; anal fin with a slightly detached spine from the rest of fin and covered by skin in fish of larger sizes, then followed by a second spine continuous with the 18-22 soft rays, including a detached 2-rayed finlet. Colour dark olive-blue or green dorsally and on side, white ventrally with 2 narrow light blue or bluish white stripes along sides and a broader olive or yellowish stripe between them; fins olive or yellowish (Ref. 9894,90102).
色彩深橄榄绿色或蓝色的上方, 腹面白色的; 在侧边上的 2条狭窄的浅蓝色条纹具有一个在他们之间的淡黄色的条纹; 鳍橄榄色或淡黄色的。 眼前的上颌终止。 臀鳍基底背鳍基底是短于那。 它有一个两根鳍条的小鳍; 2根臀鳍棘被分离。 背鳍与臀鳍是相当短的; 有小的两根鳍条的鳍在背鳍与臀鳍正后方.(参考文献 4795) 没有鳞甲的侧线.(参考文献 26938)
Adults are found in oceanic and coastal waters, generally near the surface over reefs or sometimes far from the coast often around floating logs or other debris (Ref. 9283, 11230, 48635, 90102). May form large schools (Ref. 9283, 48635). They feed on invertebrates, mainly on larger crustaceans of the zooplankton, and small fishes (Ref. 9283, 26145). Eggs are pelagic (Ref. 4233). Good food fish (Ref. 9626) and a valued game fish (Ref. 26938); marketed fresh and salted or dried (Ref. 9283); also frozen and used for sashimi (Ref. 9987).
发现于了大洋性的与沿岸水域, 通常接近水表面之上礁或者有时远离海岸.(参考文献 9283,11230,48635) 可能形成大群鱼群。 (参考文献 9283,48635) 吃无脊椎动物 (浮游动物的较大的甲壳动物) 与小鱼。 (参考文献 9283,26145) 好食用鱼 (参考文献 9626) 与一个价值的游钓鱼类;(参考文献 26938) 在市场上销售新鲜与盐腌或乾燥的;(参考文献 9283) 也冻结而且用来生鱼片.(参考文献 9987)
遍及全球的海洋。 西大西洋: 美國麻薩諸塞州與墨西哥灣北部到巴西東北部。 東大西洋: 在地中海 (參考文獻 4233) 中的外海義大利熱那亞與從象牙海岸到安哥拉.(參考文獻 7097) 記錄來自維德角 (參考文獻 27000) 與聖保羅岩礁了。 (參考文獻 13121) 在西印度洋各處, 但是稀有的或不存在於波斯灣.(參考文獻 3287) 東太平洋: 加州灣灣口到厄瓜多; 包括加拉巴哥群島。 (參考文獻 9283) 整個的印度-太平洋.(參考文獻 37816) 西太平洋: 斐濟與吐瓦魯 (參考文獻 12690) ，澳洲 (參考文獻 7300) 與紐西蘭.(參考文獻 5755)
Smith-Vaniz, W.F., 1986. Carangidae. p. 638-661. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 3197)
CITES (Ref. 128078)
Not Evaluated
人类利用
渔业: 高经济性; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
115969): 22.8 - 28.8, mean 27.5 (based on 5152 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00584 - 0.01711), b=2.85 (2.70 - 3.00), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.3 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tmax=6; K=0.6 is doubtful).
Prior r = 0.58, 95% CL = 0.39 - 0.88, Based on 2 data-limited stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (51 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High to very high vulnerability (74 of 100).
