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Hippoglossus hippoglossus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Atlantic halibut

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Image of Hippoglossus hippoglossus (Atlantic halibut)
Hippoglossus hippoglossus
Picture by Dolgov, A.

Common names from other countries

Flétan de l'Atlantique, Fletán del Atlántico, 大西洋庸鲽, ... more

分類 / Names 共通名の | 類義語 | Catalog of Fishes(部類, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) > Pleuronectidae (Righteye flounders) > Hippoglossinae
Etymology: Hippoglossus: Greek, ippos = horse + Greek, glossa = tongue (Ref. 45335).
  More on author: Linnaeus.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生態学

海 底生の; 海洋回遊性 (Ref. 51243); 深さの範囲 50 - 2000 m (Ref. 4705).   Temperate; 79°N - 36°N, 77°W - 55°E

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Northwestern Atlantic: southwestern Greenland and Labrador in Canada to Virginia in USA (Ref. 7251); Northeastern Atlantic: Bay of Biscay to Spitsbergen, Barents Sea, Iceland and eastern Greenland.

Length at first maturity / サイズ / 重さ / 年齢

Maturity: Lm 122.0, range 135 - ? cm
Max length : 470 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 7251); 300.0 cm TL (female); 最大公表体重: 320.0 kg (Ref. 7251); 最大記録サイズ: 50 年 (Ref. 173)

簡単な記述 検索表 | 形態学 | 形態計測学

背面の脊椎 (合計) : 0; 背鰭 (合計) : 98 - 110; 肛門の骨: 0; 臀鰭: 73 - 85. Uniformly dark brown or black; young marbled or spotted with paler marks (Ref. 4705).

生物学     用語集 (例 epibenthic)

Adults are benthic but occasionally pelagic (Ref. 4705). Feed mainly on other fishes (cod, haddock, pogge, sand-eels, herring, capelin), but also takes cephalopods, large crustaceans and other bottom-living animals. Batch spawner (Ref. 51846). Growth rate varies according to density, competition and availability of food. Slow growth rate and late onset of sexual maturity, halibut populations can be seriously affected by overfishing (Ref. 35388). Utilized fresh, dried or salted, smoked and frozen; can be steamed, fried, broiled, boiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988). Also Ref. 58426.

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 幼生

Males reach sexual maturity at 7-8 years and females at 10-11 years. Spawning happens from December to April, near the bottom (300 to 700 m), at temperatures between 5 and 7°. Egg size 3.0-3.8, larval size at hatching 6.5 mm (Ref. 4705).

主な参考文献 Upload your references | 参考文献 | コーディネーター : Amaoka, Kunio | 協力者

Vinnikov, K.A., R.C. Thomson and T.A. Munroe, 2018. Revised classification of the righteye flounders (Teleostei: Pleuronectidae) based on multilocus phylogeny with complete taxon sampling. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 125:147-162. (Ref. 122998)

IUCNのレッドリストの状況は (Ref. 130435)

  絶滅危惧に近い (NT) ; Date assessed: 12 February 2021

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

人間に対する脅威

  Harmless




Human uses

水産業: 商業; 水産養殖: 実験の; ゲームフィッシュ: はい; 水族館・水槽: 公共の水族館
FAO(Aquaculture systems: 代謝; 水産業: 代謝; publication : search) | FishSource | 私達の周りの海

より多くの情報

Trophic ecology
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捕食動物
Ecology
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Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
体長組成
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繁殖
Maturities
Fecundities
Spawnings
Spawning aggregations
Egg(s)
Egg developments
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Distribution
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Nutrients
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水泳形態
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Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)
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インターネットの情報源

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 0.4 - 7.9, mean 3.4 (based on 1760 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.7500   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00550 (0.00398 - 0.00759), b=3.17 (3.08 - 3.26), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
栄養段階 (Ref. 69278):  4.0   ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref. 120179):  非常に低い, １４年以上の倍増期間の最小個体群 (tmax=30; tm=10; K=0.02-0.2; Fec=1,300,000; also Musick et al. 2000 (Ref. 36717)).
Prior r = 0.27, 95% CL = 0.18 - 0.40, Based on 1 full stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Very high vulnerability (88 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  Moderate vulnerability (43 of 100).
価格帯 (Ref. 80766):   Very high.