Eastern Atlantic: southern Ireland and England to Senegal, including the western Mediterranean and the Canary Islands. Reported from the eastern Mediterranean (Ref. 3261). 東大西洋: 愛爾蘭南部與英格蘭到塞內加爾, 包括地中海西部與加納利群島。 記錄來自地中海東部了。 (參考文獻 3261)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm80.0  range ? - 85.2 cm Max length : 100.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 4426)
Found on sandy bottoms of shelf waters (Ref. 3167). Feed on all kinds of bottom animals (Ref. 3167). Oviparous. Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Eggs are oblong capsules with stiff pointed horns at the corners deposited in sandy or muddy flats (Ref. 205). Egg capsules are 7.2-9.0 cm long and 4.2-5.2 cm wide (Ref. 41303 , 41251, 41304).
Oviparous, paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). Egg-cases laid from March to September (Ref. 3167). Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205).東大西洋: 愛爾蘭南部與英格蘭到塞內加爾, 包括地中海西部與加納利群島。 記錄來自地中海東部了。 (參考文獻 3261)
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