New Zealand country information

Common names: Araara, Jackfish, Trevally
Occurrence: native
Salinity: brackish
Abundance: common (usually seen) | Ref:
Importance: commercial | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: gamefish: yes;
Comments: Known from mainland New Zealand, the Kermadec Is. (Ref. 8879) and Norfolk Island (Ref. 45524). Ranked thirteenth in importance as a recreational finfish in the 1987 National Marine Recreational Fishing Survey (Ref. 9072). Landed throughout the year (Ref. 9258). First record in the Chatham Islands (Ref. 45493). Voucher specimen(s) held at the NMNZ.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/nz.html
National Fisheries Authority: http://www.fish.govt.nz/
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Paulin, C., A. Stewart, C. Roberts and P. McMillan, 1989
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Carangue dentue, Jurel dentón, Каранкс зубатый, ... more

Classification / Names Nomi Comuni | Sinonimi | Catalog of Fishes(Genere, Specie) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Carangiformes (Jacks) > Carangidae (Jacks and pompanos) > Caranginae
Etymology: Pseudocaranx: Greek, pseudes = false + French, carangue, the name of a Caribbean fish; 1836 (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Bloch & Schneider.

Issue
The species Pseudocaranx cheilio (Snyder, 1904) is considered as valid in Eschmeyer (CofF ver. Mar. 2011: Ref. 86697) following Randall (2007: Ref. 86689). The species Pseudocaranx georgianus (Cuvier, 1833) is considered as valid in CofF ver. May. 2011 following Smith-Vaniz & Jelks (2006: Ref. 76781), with Caranx luna Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817, Caranx platessa Cuvier, 1833, Caranx nobilis Macleay,1881, and Usacaranx archeyi Griffin, 1932 as synonyms. Caranx georgianus (now under Pseudocaranx is also a valid species.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologia

marino; salmastro associati a barriera corallina; distribuzione batimetrica 10 - 238 m (Ref. 58302), usually 10 - 25 m (Ref. 5288). Tropical; 40°N - 47°S

Distribuzione Stati | Aree FAO | Ecosystems | Presenze | Point map | Introduzioni | Faunafri

Western Atlantic: North Carolina, USA and Bermuda to southern Brazil. Eastern Atlantic: Mediterranean, Azores, Madeira, the Canary Islands, Cape Verde, Ascension and St. Helena Island. Indo-Pacific: South Africa, Japan, Hawaii (Ref. 26145), Australia, Lord Howe and Norfolk islands, New Zealand. Reported from New Caledonia (Ref. 9070).

Length at first maturity / Size / Peso / Age

Maturity: L_m 34.5, range 28 - 37 cm
Max length : 122 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 4887); common length : 40.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 9258); peso massimo pubblicato: 18.1 kg (Ref. 4887); Età massima riportata: 49 anni (Ref. 31614)

Short description Chiavi di identificazione | Morfologia | Morfometria

Spine dorsali (totale) : 9; Raggi dorsali molli (totale) : 25 - 26; Spine anali: 3; Raggi anali molli: 21 - 22; Vertebre: 25. Greenish blue above, silvery white below; midside of body with yellow stripe; opercle with black spot (Ref. 3197). LL with 20-26 scutes (Ref. 6390). With maxilla the rear edge sloping slightly forward to its main axis, a large, diffuse dark blotch on the operculum, and a lateral line with 57-78 scales in the curved portion and 34-46 posterior scutes (Ref. 33616).

Adults occur in bays and coastal waters, including estuaries (Ref. 9563). Juveniles usually inhabit estuaries, bays and shallow continental shelf waters, while adults form schools near the sea bed on the continental shelf (Ref. 6390). Schools are found at the surface, in mid-water and on the bottom and are often associated with reefs and rough bottom (Ref. 9072). Schools are sometimes mixed with Caranx koheru and Arripis trutta (Ref. 9072). Feed on plankton by ram-filtering and suction feeding and on bottom invertebrates (Ref. 9072, 30206). Eggs are pelagic (Ref. 4233). Cultured only in Japan. (Ref. 4931). One of the best table fish 'being indeed the salmon of St. Helena' (Ref. 5288).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Riproduzione | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larve

They are usually partial spawners, releasing eggs in small batches at intervals over a period of several weeks (Ref. 27733).

Main reference Upload your references | Bibliografia | Coordinatore : Smith-Vaniz, William F. | Collaboratori

Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley, 1989. Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p. (Ref. 7300)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 10 May 2013

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

Pesca: commerciale; Acquacoltura: commerciale; Pesce da pesca sportiva: si

FAO(Aquaculture systems: production; pesca: production; publication : search) | FishSource | Sea Around Us

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 15.3 - 25.9, mean 22.3 (based on 362 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01413 (0.00872 - 0.02289), b=2.96 (2.83 - 3.09), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 3.9 ±0.6 se; based on diet studies.

Resilienza (Ref. 120179): Medio, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione 1.4 - 4.4 anni (K=0.18(?); tmax=46(?)).

Prior r = 0.42, 95% CL = 0.28 - 0.63, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): High to very high vulnerability (73 of 100).

Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (52 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Very high.

Pseudocaranx dentex (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)