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Macruronus novaezelandiae (Hector, 1871)

Blue grenadier
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
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Macruronus novaezelandiae   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Macruronus novaezelandiae
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New Zealand country information

Common names: Blue hake, Hoki, Hoki
Occurrence: native
Salinity: brackish
Abundance: abundant (always seen in some numbers) | Ref: Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990
Importance: highly commercial | Ref: Armitage, R.O., D.A. Payne, G.J. Lockley, H.M. Currie, R.L. Colban, B.G. Lamb and L.J. Paul (eds.), 1994
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Most abundant around South Island, Chatham Rise, and Campbell Plateau; uncommon around the North Island (Ref. 1371). Caught mainly off New Zealand (Ref. 1371). Recorded in the trawl surveys in Chatham Islands (Ref. 45493) and off the east coast of South Island (Ref. 58461). Voucher specimen(s) held at the NMNZ. Also Ref. 9072, 9258, 9988, 58452, 75154, 89192.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/nz.html
National Fisheries Authority: http://www.fish.govt.nz/
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Paulin, C., A. Stewart, C. Roberts and P. McMillan, 1989
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Classification / Names Tên thường gặp | Các synonym ( Các tên trùng) | Catalog of Fishes(Giống, Các loài) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Gadiformes (Cods) > Macruronidae (Blue grenadiers)
Etymology: Macruronus: Greek, makros = great + Greek, onos = hake.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Sinh thái học

Biển; Thuộc về nước lợ Sống nổi và đáy; Ở đại duơng, biển; Mức độ sâu 0 - 1000 m (Ref. 26566), usually 200 - 700 m (Ref. 9563).   Subtropical; 15°S - 55°S, 111°E - 173°W (Ref. 58452)

Sự phân bố Các nước | Các khu vực của FAO | Các hệ sinh thái | Những lần xuất hiện | Point map | Những chỉ dẫn | Faunafri

Southwest Pacific: New Zealand and southern Australia.

Length at first maturity / Bộ gần gũi / Khối lượng (Trọng lượng) / Age

Maturity: Lm 67.5, range 65 - 70 cm
Max length : 120 cm TL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 1371); 130.0 cm TL (female); common length : 80.0 cm TL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 1371); Khối lượng cực đại được công bố: 1.5 kg (Ref. 1371); Khối lượng cực đại được công bố: 1.5 kg; Tuổi cực đại được báo cáo: 25 các năm (Ref. 6390)

Short description Khóa để định loại | Hình thái học | Sinh trắc học

Các tia vây lưng cứng (tổng cộng) : 12 - 13; Các vây lưng mềm (tổng cộng) : 96 - 106; Tia cứng vây hậu môn: 0; Tia mềm vây hậu môn: 89 - 93; Động vật có xương sống: 78 - 81. Dorsal surface silvery, with a purple or blue-green tinge; plank and belly silvery; fins darker. Body very elongate and compressed with a tapering tail, dorsal and anal fins confluent with the caudal fin (Ref. 33856).

Sinh học     Tự điển (thí dụ epibenthic)

Appear to live usually on or near the bottom, but may occasionally move up into mid-waters. Large adult fish generally occur deeper than 400 m, while juveniles may be found in shallower water (Ref. 9072), more commonly found in large estuaries and bays, and may even enter freshwaters (Ref. 1371). Juvenile specimens and especially adults belonging to the American subspecies, have been caught from the coastal zone to 110 m (Ref. 58452). Form schools. Feed primarily on lantern fishes. In New Zealand, it feeds in midwater on small fish, crustaceans and squid. Oviparous, spawn 1 million eggs on the average which are released all at one time (Ref. 6390). Utilized fresh and frozen; can be steamed, fried, cooked in microwave and baked (Ref. 9988).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Sự tái sinh sản | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Ấu trùng

Female blue grenadier produce about 1 million eggs on average, which are all released at once (Ref. 6390).

Main reference Upload your references | Các tài liệu tham khảo | Người điều phối | Người cộng tác

Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)


CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Harmless




Human uses

Các nghề cá: tính thương mại cao
FAO(Các nghề cá: Sản xuất; publication : search) | FIRMS (Stock assessments) | FishSource | Biển chung quanh ta

Thêm thông tin

Life cycle
Sự tái sinh sản
Maturities
Fecundities
Spawnings
Spawning aggregations
Egg(s)
Egg developments
Ấu trùng
Sự biến động ấu trùng
Anatomy
Gill areas
Não bộ
Otoliths
Physiology
Body compositions
Nutrients
Oxygen consumptions
Dạng bơi
Swimming speeds
Visual pigment(s)
Âm thanh của cá
Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)
Genetics
Di truyền
Electrophoreses
Heritabilities
Human related
Aquaculture systems
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Các giống
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Các công cụ

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Các nguồn internet

Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes(Giống, Các loài) | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | Faunafri | Fishtrace | GenBank(genome, nucleotide) | GloBI | GOBASE | | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Scirus | SeaLifeBase | Cây Đời sống | Wikipedia(Go, tìm) | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Tạp chí Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 5.8 - 12.5, mean 8 (based on 300 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5625   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00389 (0.00219 - 0.00690), b=2.98 (2.82 - 3.14), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).
Mức dinh dưỡng (Ref. 69278):  4.5   ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
Thích nghi nhanh (Ref. 120179):  thấp, thời gian nhân đôi của chủng quần tối thiểu là 4.5 - 14 năm (K=0.12-0.2; tm=3-7; tmax=25; Fec = 1,000,000).
Prior r = 0.29, 95% CL = 0.19 - 0.44, Based on 3 full stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  High to very high vulnerability (66 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  High vulnerability (61 of 100).
Price category (Ref. 80766):   Medium.