You can sponsor this page

Belone belone (Linnaeus, 1761)

Garfish
添加你自己的观测位置在 Fish Watcher
Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Belone belone   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
上传你的 图片 和 影像
Pictures | Videos | 谷歌图片
Image of Belone belone (Garfish)
Belone belone
Picture by Østergaard, T.


Poland country information

Common names: Belona, Belona pospolita
Occurrence: native
Salinity: brackish
Abundance: common (usually seen) | Ref: Winkler, H.M., K. Skora, R. Repecka, M. Ploks, A. Neelov, L. Urho, A. Gushin and H. Jespersen, 2000
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments:
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/pl.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Collette, B.B. and N.V. Parin, 1986
National Database:

Common names from other countries

分类 / Names 俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(, ) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei > Beloniformes (Needle fishes) 頜針魚目 (Needle fishes) > Belonidae (Needlefishes) 頜針魚科 (Needlefishes)
Etymology: Belone: Greek, belone = needle; any fish with sharp pointed snout; also Pierre Belon, 1517-64, French zoologist born in Le Mans. Professor at the College de France, author of " La nature et diversité des poissons", 1551 (Ref. 45335).
  More on author: Linnaeus.

Issue
According to authors cited by Evenhuis (1997: Ref. 115711: 480-482), the date of publication of the species should be 1760.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生态学

海洋; 半咸淡水; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 2 - 22 m (Ref. 130220).   溫帶; 65°N - 14°N, 32°W - 42°E

分布 国家 | FAO区域 | 生态系 | 标本纪录 | Point map | 简介 | Faunafri

Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea. Three subspecies were recognized by Collette and Parin (1970, Ref. 34977) Belone belone belone (Linnaeus, 1761) (Northeast Atlantic); Belone belone euxini Günther, 1866 (Black Sea and Sea of Azov); Belone belone acus Risso, 1827 (Mediterranean Sea and adjacent parts of Atlantic Ocean, Madeira, Canary Islands, Azores, and south to Cape Verde (Ref. 50279); subspecies Belone belone gracilis Lowe, 1839 (France to the Canary Islands including the Mediterranean) in Collette & Parin, 1990 (Ref. 5757).
東大西洋與地中海。 三個亞種被辨識特徵為 Collette 與 Parin(1970, 參考文獻 34977) 頜針魚〔Belone belone〕 belone(林奈,1761)(東北大西洋); 頜針魚〔Belone belone〕 euxini Gunther,1866(黑海與亞速海); 頜針魚〔Belone belone〕 acus Risso,1827(地中海與大西洋,馬得拉群島,加納利群島,亞速群島的毗連部份, 而且南至維德角;(參考文獻 50279) 亞種 頜針魚〔Belone belone〕 gracilis Lowe,1839(法國到加納利群島包括地中海) 在 Collette&Parin,1990.(參考文獻 5757)

Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄

Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 104 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 123983); common length : 45.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3397); 最大体重: 1.4 kg (Ref. 113079)

简单描述 检索表 | 型态特徵 | 形态测量图

背棘 (总数) : 0; 背的软条 (总数) : 16 - 20; 臀鳍软条: 19 - 23. Jaw teeth comparatively large and widely spaced. Vertebrae 75-84. Vomerine teeth present at lengths greater than 20 cam. Lower jaw a little longer than upper jaw. Juveniles with greatly elongated jaw, without black posterior dorsal fin lobe.
颌齿比较大与空隙大的。 脊椎骨 75-84. 有锄骨齿最后大于 20个凸轮。 下颌稍微比上颌长。 稚鱼有非常细长的颌, 没有黑色的在后部的背鳍叶。

生物学特性     字汇 (例如 epibenthic)

Lives close to the surface and has a migratory pattern similar to the mackerel (Ref. 35388). Feeds on small fishes, particularly clupeids and Engraulis (in the Black Sea). Leaps out of the water when hooked. Oviparous (Ref. 205). Eggs may be found attached to objects in the water by tendrils on the egg's surface (Ref. 205). Utilized fresh and frozen; can be fried, broiled and baked (Ref. 9988). Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 130219.

生活于接近表面而且有一个回游的形态类似鲭.(参考文献 35388) 吃小鱼, 特别地鲱鱼与 Engraulis.(在黑海) 当钩住,从水中跳出来。 卵生的.(参考文献 205) 卵可能被发现于在卵的表面上的卷须水依附于目标。 (参考文献 205) 生鲜使用与冷冻; 能被油炸, 火烤而且烧烤。 (参考文献 9988)

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼

Oviparous (Ref. 205).東大西洋與地中海。 三個亞種被辨識特徵為 Collette 與 Parin(1970, 參考文獻 34977) 頜針魚〔Belone belone〕 belone(林奈,1761)(東北大西洋); 頜針魚〔Belone belone〕 euxini Gunther,1866(黑海與亞速海); 頜針魚〔Belone belone〕 acus Risso,1827(地中海與大西洋,馬得拉群島,加納利群島,亞速群島的毗連部份, 而且南至維德角;(參考文獻 50279) 亞種 頜針魚〔Belone belone〕 gracilis Lowe,1839(法國到加納利群島包括地中海) 在 Collette&Parin,1990.(參考文獻 5757)

主要参考文献 Upload your references | 参考文献 | 合作者 : Collette, Bruce B. | 合作者

Collette, B.B. and N.V. Parin, 1986. Belonidae. p. 604-609. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean, Volume 2. Unesco, Paris. (Ref. 5505)

世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435)

  最不相关 (LC) ; Date assessed: 10 July 2012

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

对人类的威胁

  无害处的




人类利用

渔业: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的
FAO(渔业: 产生; publication : search) | FishSource | 周边海洋

更多信息

Trophic ecology
食物相
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
捕食者
Ecology
生态学
Home ranges
Life cycle
繁殖
Maturities
Fecundities
Spawnings
Spawning aggregations
Egg(s)
Egg developments
仔鱼
稚鱼动力学
Distribution
国家
FAO区域
生态系
标本纪录
简介
BRUVS - Videos
Anatomy
Gill areas
脑重体重比
Otoliths
Physiology
Body compositions
Nutrients
Oxygen consumptions
游泳类型
Swimming speeds
Visual pigment(s)
鱼的声音
Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)
Genetics
遗传学
Electrophoreses
Heritabilities
Human related
Aquaculture systems
水产养殖描述
品种
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Outreach
合作者
References
参考文献

工具

特别资料

下载 XML

网络资源

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 8.8 - 20, mean 11.3 (based on 548 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.6250   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00105 (0.00085 - 0.00129), b=3.08 (3.02 - 3.14), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
营养阶层 (Ref. 69278):  4.2   ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref. 120179):  中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tm=2; Fec=1000).
Prior r = 0.43, 95% CL = 0.28 - 0.64, Based on 6 data-limited stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Moderate to high vulnerability (49 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  High vulnerability (58 of 100).
价格分类 (Ref. 80766):   High.