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Echinorhinus brucus (Bonnaterre, 1788)

Bramble shark
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
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Echinorhinus brucus   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Echinorhinus brucus (Bramble shark)
Echinorhinus brucus
Picture by Khan, M.M.


Portugal country information

Common names: Bramble shark, Peixe-prego, Prego
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments:
National Checklist: Portugal
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/po.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Compagno, L.J.V., 1984
National Database: Portuguese Freshwater Fishes

Common names from other countries

Classificação / Names Nomes comuns | Sinônimos | Catalog of Fishes(Gênero, Espécies) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Elasmobranchii (tubarões e raias) (sharks and rays) > Echinorhiniformes (Bramble sharks) > Echinorhinidae (Bramble sharks)
Etymology: Echinorhinus: echinos (Gr.), spiny or sea urchin, referring to thorn-like denticles (brambles) on body; rhinus, an ancient name for sharks, from rhine (Gr.), rasp, alluding to a shark’s jagged, rasp-like skin. (See ETYFish);  brucus: Latin for caterpillar, presumably referring to “Chenille” or “Chenille de mer” (Sea Caterpillar), local names for this shark along the Atlantic Coast of France (type locality) in the 18th century. (See ETYFish).
  More on author: Bonnaterre.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologia

marinhas batidemersal; intervalo de profundidade 10 - 900 m (Ref. 27121), usually 350 - 900 m (Ref. 45445).   Deep-water; 72°N - 55°S, 98°W - 173°W (Ref. 54427)

Distribuição Países | Áreas da FAO | Ecossistemas | Ocorrências | Point map | Introduções | Faunafri

Western Atlantic: Virginia, Massachusetts, USA; Venezuela, Argentina. Eastern Atlantic: North Sea to Mediterranean, Morocco to Cape of Good Hope, South Africa. Indian Ocean: India, Mozambique, South Africa. Western Pacific: Japan, southern Australia, New Zealand. Records from Oman and Kiribati uncertain. Apparently absent in the Eastern Pacific (Ref. 6578).

Comprimento de primeira maturação / Tamanho / Peso / Idade

Maturity: Lm ?, range 200 - ? cm
Max length : 310 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 247); common length : 200 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 26999)

Descrição suscinta Chaves de identificação | Morfologia | Morfometria

Espinhos dorsais (total) : 0; Espinhos anais: 0. The bramble shark Echinorhinus brucus has thorn-like denticles on body which are very large (single denticles up to about 15mm in basal diameter in adults), sparse irregularly distributed and thorn-like with smooth basal margins, some bases fused into compound plates. Dorsal surface dark purplish-grey to brown with white denticles, ventral surface paler; sides and back may have dark spots. Tooth count 20-26/21-26.As with the other member of the family Echinorhinidae, it has a relatively short snout and stout body; two small spineless dorsal fins, close together, towards posterior part of body and originating behind pelvic fin origin. No anal fin and subterminal notch on caudal fin. Small spiracles, very short labial furrows and teeth on both jaws alike, with a central oblique bladelike cusps with up to 3 cusplets on each side (absent in juveniles) (Ref. 247, 6871, 5578).

Biologia     Glossário (p.ex. epibenthic)

A rare (Ref. 26346), large, sluggish, deepwater shark found on continental and insular shelves and upper slopes (Ref. 247). Sometimes found in shallow water (Ref. 247). Feeds on smaller sharks, bony fishes, and crabs (Ref. 247). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 205), with 15-26 young in a litter (26346). Never recorded as attacking people. Sometimes hooked by shore anglers (Ref. 5578). Processed into fishmeal. May be used in traditional medicine in southern Africa (Ref. 5578).

Ciclo de vida ou comportamento de acasalamento Maturities | Reprodução | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvas

Ovoviviparous. 15 to 26 young in a litter (Ref. 26346). Size at birth between 29 and 90 cm. Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205). Size at maturity unknown but adult males of 150 cm and adult females of 213 cm have been reported (Ref. 6871).

Referência principal Upload your references | Referências | Coordenador | Colaboradores

Compagno, L.J.V., 1984. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/1):1-249. Rome, FAO. (Ref. 247)

Status na Lista Vermelha da UICN (Ref. 130435)

  Em perigo (EN) (A2bd); Date assessed: 21 November 2019

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Ameaça para os humanos

  Harmless (Ref. 247)




Uso pelos humanos

Pescarias: pouco comercial; peixe esportivo: sim
FAO(pescarias: produção, perfil da espécie; publication : search) | FishSource | Sea Around Us

Mais informação

Trophic ecology
Itens alimentares
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Ecology
Ecologia
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Length-length rel.
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References
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Fontes da internet

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 4.1 - 13.9, mean 8.5 (based on 1524 cells).
Índice de diversidade filogenética (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 1.0000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00363 (0.00139 - 0.00949), b=3.13 (2.90 - 3.36), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref. 69278):  4.4   ±0.7 se; based on diet studies.
Resiliência (Ref. 120179):  Muito baixo(a), tempo mínimo de duplicação da população maior que 14 anos (Fec= 15-24).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
Categoria de preço (Ref. 80766):   Unknown.