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Pseudotolithus typus Bleeker, 1863

Longneck croaker
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
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Pseudotolithus typus   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Pseudotolithus typus
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Sao Tome and Principe country information

Common names: [No common name]
Occurrence: native
Salinity: brackish
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: In range Ref. 3593. Better reference needed.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/tp.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Chao, L.N. and E. Trewavas, 1990
National Database:

Common names from other countries

分类 / Names 俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(, ) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei > Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) 鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) > Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers) 石首魚科 (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Pseudotolithus: Greek, pseudes = false + greek, otos = ear + Greek, lithos = stone (Ref. 45335).
  More on author: Bleeker.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生态学

海洋 居于水底的; 深度上下限 0 - 150 m (Ref. 2683), usually ? - 60 m (Ref. 3593).   熱帶; 35°N - 17°S, 25°W - 14°E

分布 国家 | FAO区域 | 生态系 | 标本纪录 | Point map | 简介 | Faunafri

Eastern Atlantic: Mauritania (Ref. 5377) to Angola, becoming scarce north of Cape Verde. Often confused with Pseudotolithus senegalensis.
東大西洋: 茅利塔尼亞 (參考文獻 5377) 到安哥拉, 變成維德角難得北方。 時常與 Pseudotolithus senegalensis 互相混淆。

Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄

Maturity: Lm 48.3  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 140 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 40637); common length : 50.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 4780); 最大体重: 15.0 kg (Ref. 40637)

简单描述 检索表 | 型态特徵 | 形态测量图

背棘 (总数) : 10; 背的软条 (总数) : 28 - 32. Diagnosis: dorsal fin with 9 spines in the 1st part and 1 spine and 28-32 in the second; second anal spine about half the length of the 1st anal fin soft ray; pectoral fins short, about 19-21% SL; gill rakers short, about as long as gill filament at angle between lower and upper part of gill arch; maxilla extending beyond posterior eye border, eyes small, 7.2-8.4 times in HL, but this character is difficult to use for identification because of allometry (Ref. 81656).

生物学特性     字汇 (例如 epibenthic)

Inhabits coastal waters from shoreline to about 150 m depth, over mud and sandy mud bottoms. Most abundant in waters less than 60 m at temperatures above 18°C. Juveniles and sub-adults enter estuaries and rivers. Feeds mainly on small fishes and crustaceans. Peak spawning season from late spring to early autumn in tropical West Africa (Ref. 4780).

栖息于来自海岸线的沿岸水域到大约 150 公尺深, 在泥与沙泥底之上。 在 18个 ° C. 上面的温度最丰富在水域少于 60 公尺 稚鱼与亚成鱼进入河口与河。 主要吃小鱼与甲壳动物。 在热带的非洲西方部的来自春末到秋初的生殖高峰季节.(参考文献 4780)

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼

東大西洋: 茅利塔尼亞 (參考文獻 5377) 到安哥拉, 變成維德角難得北方。 時常與 Pseudotolithus senegalensis 互相混淆。

主要参考文献 Upload your references | 参考文献 | 合作者 | 合作者

Chao, L.N. and E. Trewavas, 1990. Sciaenidae. p. 813-826. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3593)

世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435)

  最不相关 (LC) ; Date assessed: 24 January 2020

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

对人类的威胁

  无害处的




人类利用

渔业: 商业性
FAO(Publication : search) | FIRMS (Stock assessments) | FishSource | 周边海洋

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Trophic ecology
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Diet compositions
Food consumptions
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捕食者
Ecology
生态学
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Population dynamics
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仔鱼
稚鱼动力学
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脑重体重比
Otoliths
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鱼的声音
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形态测量图
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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 19.2 - 27.9, mean 25.7 (based on 104 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5156   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00661 (0.00363 - 0.01204), b=3.06 (2.91 - 3.21), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).
营养阶层 (Ref. 69278):  3.7   ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref. 120179):  中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.22-0.29; tmax=7).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Moderate to high vulnerability (49 of 100).
价格分类 (Ref. 80766):   Medium.