South Africa country information

Common names: Donkerhaai, Dusky shark
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: commercial | Ref: van der Elst, R.P. and F. Adkin (eds.), 1991
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: no regulations | Ref: van der Elst, R., 1993
Uses: gamefish: yes;
Comments: Ranges from Natal to False Bay. Common off Natal. Follows sardine shoals up and down the coast. Nursery grounds occur off Natal and the eastern Cape. Juveniles comprises a large part of recreational tournament catch; commercially fished on Natal coast (Ref. 4332). Caught in Natal shark nets. Angling record 326.6 kg; spearfishing record 26.4 kg (Ref. 12484). Also Ref. 244, 5485.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/sf.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Compagno, L.J.V., D.A. Ebert and M.J. Smale, 1989
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Requin de sable, Tiburón arenero, Shark, ... more

Classificação / Names Nomes comuns | Sinónimos | Catalog of Fishes(Género, Espécies) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Elasmobranchii (tubarões e raias) (sharks and rays) > Carcharhiniformes (Ground sharks) > Carcharhinidae (Requiem sharks)
Etymology: Carcharhinus: karcharos (Gr.), sharp or jagged; rhinus, an ancient name for sharks, from rhine (Gr.), rasp, both words alluding to a shark's jagged, rasp-like skin. (See ETYFish); obscurus: Latin for dark, probably referring to its darkish blue-gray body color. (See ETYFish).
More on author: Lesueur.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologia

marinhas; estuarina associadas(os) a recifes; oceanódromo (Ref. 51243); intervalo de profundidade 0 - 400 m (Ref. 244), usually 200 - 400 m. Subtropical; 45°N - 46°S, 120°W - 156°E (Ref. 55186)

Distribuição Países | Áreas FAO | Ecossistemas | Ocorrências | Point map | Introduções | Faunafri

Western Atlantic: southern Massachusetts to Florida (USA), Georges Bank, Bahamas, Cuba, northern Gulf of Mexico, Nicaragua, southern Brazil and Uruguay (Ref. 58839). Eastern Atlantic: Canary Islands, Cape Verde, Senegal, Sierra Leone. Some records from the Mediterranean and Madeira may be based on Carcharhinus galapagensis. Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea (Ref. 5485), Mozambique and South Africa to Japan, China, Viet Nam and Australia. Eastern Pacific: southern California, USA to Gulf of California and the Revillagigedo Island. Highly migratory species.

Length at first maturity / Tamanho / Peso / Idade

Maturity: L_m 249.5, range 220 - 300 cm
Max length : 420 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 5578); common length : 250 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 26999); peso máx. Publicado: 346.5 kg (Ref. 4699); Idade máx. registada: 40 anos (Ref. 31395)

Descrição breve Chaves de identificação | Morfologia | Morfometria

Espinhos dorsais (total) : 0; Espinhos anais: 0. A large shark with a broadly rounded snout, triangular saw-edged upper teeth, curved moderate-sized pectoral fins, and an interdorsal ridge (Ref. 5578). Blue-grey, lead-grey above, white below; tips of pectoral and pelvic fins, as well as lower lobe of caudal fin and dorsal fins often dusky in young, plain in adults (Ref. 9997).

Found in coastal and offshore waters but not oceanic (Ref. 5578). Adults are commonly found at depths of 200-400 m, young in shallower waters (Ref. 5485). A seasonal migratory species over parts of its range (Ref. 6871). Common component of the catch of the shark longline fishery (Ref.58048). Feeds on bottom and pelagic bony fish, sharks, skates, rays, cephalopods, gastropods, crustaceans, sometimes mammalian carrion and inorganic objects (Ref. 5578). Viviparous (Ref. 50449); with litter size number from 3-14 (Ref. 27549). Large adults are potentially dangerous (Ref. 4716, 6871). Utilized fresh, dried-salted, frozen and smoked for human consumption; hides for leather; fins for sharks-fin soup; and liver oil extracted for vitamins (Ref. 244).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reprodução | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvas

Viviparous, with a yolk-sac placenta, litter size 3-14 pups (Ref. 244); 70-100 cm at birth (Ref. 6871). Gestation period of ~ 16 months (Ref.58048). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).

Referência principal Upload your references | Referências | Coordenador : Compagno, Leonard J.V. | Colaboradores

Compagno, L.J.V., 1984. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 2 - Carcharhiniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/2):251-655. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 244)

Categoria na Lista Vermelha da IUCN (Ref. 130435)

Ameaçada (EN) (A2bd); Date assessed: 06 November 2018

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Appendix II: International trade monitored

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Appendix II: Migratory species conserved through agreements

Ameaça para o homem

Traumatogenic (Ref. 4690)

Utilização humana

Pescarias: espécies comerciais; peixe desportivo: sim

FAO(pescarias: produção, perfil da espécie; publication : search) | FishSource | Sea Around Us

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 8.7 - 18.6, mean 12.6 (based on 736 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00759 (0.00428 - 0.01346), b=3.08 (2.93 - 3.23), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Nível Trófico (Ref. 69278): 4.3 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.

Resiliência (Ref. 120179): Muito baixo, tempo mínimo de duplicação da população maior que 14 anos (rm=0.02; also Musick et al. 2000 (Ref. 36717)).

Prior r = 0.09, 95% CL = 0.06 - 0.13, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Very high vulnerability (88 of 100).

Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): High vulnerability (62 of 100).

Categoria de preço (Ref. 80766): Medium.

Carcharhinus obscurus (Lesueur, 1818)