Common names from other countries
分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
; 淡水; 半咸淡水 底中水层性; pH range: 7.0 - 7.5; dH range: 10 - 20; 河川洄游. 溫帶; 2°C - 18°C (Ref. 1672); 67°N - 36°N, 10°W - 142°E
Europe: Atlantic Ocean, North and Baltic Sea basins, from Loire drainage eastward, eastern Great Britain, Rhône and Volga drainages, upper Danube and middle and upper Dniestr and Dniepr drainages; in Finland, north to about 61°N. Introduced to eastern and northern Italy, Ireland, Wales and Scotland. Eastern and southern limits unclear (Ref. 59043). Occurs as far east as Korea (Ref. 4537). Populations from the Iberian Peninsula and Adour basin in southern France refer to G. lozanoi (Ref. 57030). Populations from the Caspian basin may represent a distinct species (Ref. 59043).
歐洲: 在大陸 (除了西班牙,義大利中部與南部,希臘,蘇格蘭,挪威,瑞典北部以外, 芬蘭北部) 各處向北遠至 61 ° 40'N; 窩瓦河遠達三角州; 亞洲沒有出現較小的; 西伯利亞河的太平洋斜坡沒有出現。 生存更向東達韓國.(參考文獻 4537)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 9.3  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 21.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 88166); common length : 12.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 6258); 最大体重: 220.00 g (Ref. 6258); 最大年龄: 8 年 (Ref. 6258)
背棘 (总数) : 2 - 3; 背的软条 (总数) : 5 - 7; 臀棘: 2 - 3; 臀鳍软条: 6 - 8; 脊椎骨: 39 - 41. Diagnosed from other congeners in Europe by the possession of the following characters: barbel reaching beyond anterior eye margin, usually to middle of eye; snout length greater than postorbital distance; head length 26-30% SL; eye diameter 5-7% SL; 1.0-1.4 times in interorbital distance in over about 6 cm SL specimens (less in smaller ones), 2.4-2.8 times in head depth; head depth 15-17% SL at nape, 43-51% HL at eye; body depth 19-23% SL; head width 14-16% SL, 49-57% HL; caudal peduncle depth 30-34% HL; breast naked between pectorals; scales between anus and anal origin 4-5; scales on lateral line usually 39-42 + 2; and scales around caudal peduncle usually 12-14 (Ref. 59043). Caudal fin with 19 rays (Ref. 2196). Scalar formula: 38-45 (Ref. 40476).
尾鳍有 19个鳍条。 (参考文献 2196) 数量公式: 38-45.(参考文献 40476)
Occurs in nearly all types of riverine and lacustrine habitats with sand bottom. Found in small mountain streams, large lowland rivers and large lakes (Ref. 59043). Inhabits fast flowing rivers with sand or gravel bottom but may also occur in still waters. Forms schools. Feeds on insect larvae, mollusks, and crustaceans. Normally active during the day but if they are disturbed, in particular, by predators, they can defer their activity to periods when light intensity is weak. Capable of emitting squeaking sounds. These vocalizations, which is a means by which fish communicate with each other, vary with the degree of activity and the temperature and are independent of the season of reproduction (Ref. 30578). Breeds in shallow water over stones, sand or plant material. Eggs are released above substrate and drift with current, sinking to bottom and sticking to substrate. Larvae and juveniles occur on the bottom and prefer detritus-rich sandy habitats and low current (Ref. 59043).
栖息于快速地流动河,底部为砂或碎石的地方也但是可能出现在静止的水域。 形成鱼群。 吃昆虫幼生,软件动物与甲壳动物。 通常活跃在白天期间,但是如果他们是扰乱的,尤其,藉着掠食者, 他们能延期他们的活动时光线弱。 能够发出吱吱叫声音。 这些发声的样子, 是鱼类用来与彼此沟通, 因活动的程度与温度而改变而且与繁殖的季节无关.(参考文献 30578)
Spawns once a year for several years in low productivity streams, but exhibits multiple spawning within a season in high productivity environments (Ref. 40290, 40756). Releases eggs above substrate which drift with current, sink to the bottom and stick to substrate. Larvae and juveniles occur on the bottom and prefer detritus-rich sandy habitats and low current (Ref. 59043).歐洲: 在大陸 (除了西班牙,義大利中部與南部,希臘,蘇格蘭,挪威,瑞典北部以外, 芬蘭北部) 各處向北遠至 61 ° 40'N; 窩瓦河遠達三角州; 亞洲沒有出現較小的; 西伯利亞河的太平洋斜坡沒有出現。 生存更向東達韓國.(參考文獻 4537)
Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof, 2007. Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043)
CITES (Ref. 128078)
Not Evaluated
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 水族馆: 商业性; 诱饵: usually
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00708 (0.00611 - 0.00820), b=3.12 (3.08 - 3.16), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.1 ±0.38 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tm=1-3; tmax=8; Fec=1,000-3,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (31 of 100).