Found in seagrass beds and sandy bottoms as well as in the surf zone commonly to depths of about 30 m, but adults may occur to 150 m depth. A sedentary fish, either solitary or in small aggregations. In spring, they often occur in brackish water coastal lagoons and estuaries. Mainly carnivorous, accessorily herbivorous (Ref. 3688). Feed on shellfish, including mussels and oysters. One of the most important fishes in saline and hypersaline aquaculture. Utilized fresh and eaten steamed, pan-fried, broiled, boiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9987).
栖息于海草床与砂质底部以及在海浪区中通常到深度大约 30 公尺, 但是成鱼可能对 150 公尺深出现。 一个定栖的鱼, 单独出现或形成小群鱼群。 在春天, 时常出现于半淡咸水岸边泻湖与河口中。 主要肉食性, 附从食草.(参考文献 3688) 吃贝,包括贻贝与牡蛎。 在咸度与高盐度水产业最重要鱼之一。 生鲜使用而且清蒸, 油锅炸的，火烤的, 煮沸了, 微波了而且烧烤了.(参考文献 9987)
Preferred temperature (Ref.
115969): 12.1 - 21, mean 17.8 (based on 258 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01202 (0.01084 - 0.01334), b=3.02 (2.99 - 3.05), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.28; tmax=11; tm=2-3).
Prior r = 0.57, 95% CL = 0.37 - 0.85, Based on 7 data-limited stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (35 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (41 of 100).
