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Chimaera monstrosa Linnaeus, 1758

Rabbit fish
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
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Chimaera monstrosa   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Chimaera monstrosa
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United Kingdom country information

Common names: Chimaera, Cwningen fôr, Ghost shark
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: scarce (very unlikely) | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Restricted to the northern North Sea and Celtic Sea in waters of 156-592 m depth (Ref. 82399). Rare in inshore waters, 10 specimens reported within the 183 m line in Irish waters (Ref. 54735).
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/uk.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Wheeler, A., 1992
National Database:

Common names from other countries

分類 / Names 俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(, ) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Holocephali 全頭亞綱 (銀鮫科) (chimaeras) > Chimaeriformes (Chimaeras) 銀鮫目 (Chimaeras) > Chimaeridae (Shortnose chimaeras or ratfishes) 短鼻銀鮫科 (Shortnose chimaeras or ratfishes)
Etymology: Chimaera: Named for the mythological creature composed of parts of multiple animals, referring to their odd mix of characteristics. (See ETYFish);  monstrosa: Latin for strange or grotesque, referring to its strange appearance, as if composed of parts of multiple animals. (See ETYFish).
  More on author: Linnaeus.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生態學

海洋 深海底的; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 40 - 1400 m (Ref. 104125), usually 300 - 500 m (Ref. 4443).   深水域; 75°N - 27°N, 32°W - 35°E

分布 國家 | FAO區域 | 生態系 | 發現紀錄 | Point map | 簡介 | Faunafri

Eastern Atlantic: northern Norway and Iceland, Skagerrak and Kattegat south to Morocco including western Mediterranean (some isolated records from eastern part), Azores and Madeira Islands. Records from South Africa are questionable. Reported from Oshima, Japan (FMNH 89161) (Ref. 27954).
東大西洋: 挪威北部與冰島,史卡基拉克海域與 Kattegat 南至摩洛哥包括地中海西部 (一些孤立的來自東部的紀錄) ,亞速群島與馬得拉群島。 來自南非的紀錄是可疑的。 記錄來自 Oshima ,日本 (FMNH 89161)了。 (參考文獻 27954)

Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡

Maturity: Lm 45.9  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 150 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 35388); 最大體重: 2.5 kg (Ref. 4645)

生物學特性     字彙 (例如 epibenthic)

Bathydemersal to benthopelagic generally between 300 and 500 m depth. Found in the upper continental slope. Usually found in deeper waters in southern latitudes, while making a summer inshore migration up to 40-100 m in the northern areas. Sluggish, usually occurring in small groups. Feeds mainly on bottom-living invertebrates. The single dorsal spine is sharp and pointed, and although only mildly venomous can inflict a painful wound. Oviparous. Males have a clasper on the forehead that is probably used to hold on to the female during copulation. Egg capsules are about 17 cm long; young look alike adults and hatch when 10 cm long. Common by-catch when trawling for shrimps in the North Sea or Skaggerak.

對大洋底棲性魚種的深海底棲性通常在 300 與 500 公尺深之間。 發現於大陸坡上層了。 南方的緯度的通常發現於較深的水域,在區域北部中當進行夏天近岸迴游向上到 40-100 公尺。 緩動性的, 通常出現在小群魚群。 主要吃底棲無脊椎動物。 單一背棘是銳利而尖的, 而且雖然只有溫和的有毒能施放令人痛苦的創傷。 卵生的。 雄姓在前額有一個鰭腳可能,那是用來在連結的時候抱住母魚。 卵鞘是大約 17 公分長; 幼魚形似成魚而且孵化當 10 公分長的。 經常被誤捕當拖網對於蝦在北海或 Skaggerak 中。

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚

Oviparous; egg-capsules slender, club-shaped with narrow lateral membranes and a horny filament at the long pointed end, 17 cm long and 3 cm wide; deposited mainly in spring and summer. The embryos developing in about 9-12 months and hatch at 10 cm length. 東大西洋: 挪威北部與冰島,史卡基拉克海域與 Kattegat 南至摩洛哥包括地中海西部 (一些孤立的來自東部的紀錄) ,亞速群島與馬得拉群島。 來自南非的紀錄是可疑的。 記錄來自 Oshima ,日本 (FMNH 89161)了。 (參考文獻 27954)

主要參考資料 Upload your references | 參考文獻 | 合作者 | 合作者

Krefft, G., 1990. Chimaeridae. p. 111-113. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 4443)

IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)

  次級保育類動物, 見 IUCN 紅皮書 (VU) (A2bd); Date assessed: 02 September 2019

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

對人類具威脅

  引起創傷的 (Ref. 4690)




人類使用

漁業: 低經濟
FAO(漁業: 產生; publication : search) | FIRMS (Stock assessments) | FishSource | 周邊海洋

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 3.7 - 14.1, mean 7.9 (based on 179 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00135 (0.00073 - 0.00248), b=3.05 (2.88 - 3.22), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).
營養階層 (Ref. 69278):  3.5   ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref. 120179):  低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (Assuming Fec <100;).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  High to very high vulnerability (68 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
價格種類 (Ref. 80766):   Low.