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Merlangius merlangus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Whiting
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
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Merlangius merlangus   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Merlangius merlangus
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United Kingdom country information

Common names: Baivee, Cuiteag, Darg
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: commercial | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Also Ref. 9988.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/uk.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Classification / Names Κοινά ονόματα | Συνώνυμα | Catalog of Fishes(Γένος, Είδη) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Gadiformes (Cods) > Gadidae (Cods and haddocks)
Etymology: Merlangius: French, merlan = a fish (Ref. 45335).
  More on author: Linnaeus.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Οικολογία

Θαλασσινό(ά); Υφάλμυρο βενθοπελαγικό; ωκεανόδρομο(ς) (Ref. 51243); εύρος βάθους 10 - 200 m (Ref. 1371), usually 30 - 100 m (Ref. 1371).   Temperate; 72°N - 35°N, 27°W - 42°E

Κατανομή Χώρες | Περιοχές FAO | Οικοσυστήματα | Παρουσίες | Point map | Εισαγωγές | Faunafri

Northeast Atlantic: southeastern Barents Sea and Iceland to Portugal, also in the Black Sea, Aegean Sea, Adriatic Sea and adjacent areas. Rare in the northwestern Mediterranean.

Length at first maturity / Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age

Maturity: Lm 28.2, range 28 - 30 cm
Max length : 91.5 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 106276); common length : 23.5 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 1371); μεγ. δημοσιευμένο βάρος: 3.1 kg (Ref. 40637); μεγ. αναφερόμενη ηλικία: 20 έτη (Ref. 35388)

Short description Κλείδες προσδιορισμού | Μορφολογία | Μορφομετρία

Ραχιαίες άκανθες (συνολικά) : 0; Μαλακές ραχιαίες ακτίνες (συνολικά) : 30 - 40; Μαλακές εδρικές ακτίνες: 30 - 35. Body elongate; head small. Chin barbel small or absent. Lateral-line canals on head with pores. Color is variable; yellowish-brown, dark blue or green, sides yellowish grey, white and silvery on belly; often with a small dark blotch at the upper base of the pectoral fin.

Βιολογία     Γλωσσάρι (π.χ. epibenthic)

More commonly found from 30 to 100 m, mainly on mud and gravel bottoms, but also on sand and rock. Feed on shrimps, crabs, mollusks, small fish, polychaetes and cephalopods. Migrate to the open sea only after the first year of life. Eggs are pelagic. Larvae and juveniles are associated with jellyfish. Upon maturity, small chin barbel characteristic of juveniles disappear (Ref. 53061). Spawn in batches (Ref. 51846). Utilized fresh, dried or salted, smoked and frozen; eaten steamed, broiled and baked (Ref. 9988).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Αναπαραγωγή | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Προνύμφες

Oviparous, sexes are separate (Ref. 205).

Main reference Upload your references | Αναφορές | Συντονιστής | Συνεργάτες

Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

  Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 18 October 2013

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Harmless




Human uses

αλιεία: πολύ εμπορικό; αλιεία αναψυχής: ναί; Ενυδρείο: Δημόσια ενυδρεία

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Life cycle
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Egg(s)
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Toxicities (LC50s)
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Γενετική
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Human related
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Διαδικτυακές πηγές

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 7 - 11.9, mean 9.2 (based on 409 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 1.0000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00617 (0.00548 - 0.00694), b=3.06 (3.02 - 3.10), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Ref. 69278):  4.4   ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
Ελαστικότητα (Ref. 120179):  Μεσαίο(α), ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού 1,4 - 4,4 έτη (rm=1.1-1.6(?); K=0.07-0.74; tm=1-4; tmax=20; Fec>100,000).
Prior r = 0.49, 95% CL = 0.33 - 0.74, Based on 20 full stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  High to very high vulnerability (67 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  Moderate to high vulnerability (47 of 100).
Price category (Ref. 80766):   Medium.