Australia country information

Common names: Black marlin, D'ombrain's marlin, Marlin
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: common (usually seen) | Ref: Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993
Importance: commercial | Ref: Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993
Aquaculture: never/rarely | Ref: Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993
Regulations: restricted | Ref: Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993
Uses: gamefish: yes;
Comments: Australian records note that black marlin extend throughout northern waters and can be found as far south as Tasmania and Albany in Western Australia. Black marlin are recorded from the western Gulf of Carpentaria to the south of Groote Eylandt, but their presence has not been confirmed in the eastern Gulf of Carpentaria. They are also reported in Torres Strait (Ref. 30354). Stock structure: The stock structure of black marlin is unclear, although there may be several stocks: the eastern Pacific, the south-west Pacific, the north-west Pacific-East China Sea and the north-east Indian Ocean stocks (Ref. 30354). The extent of movement between these stocks is not known. There is slight evidence of a relationship between the eastern Pacific population and the south-west Pacific stock (Ref. 30358, 30360). Commercial fishery: There is no domestic fishery for black marlin off eastern Australia, based on a voluntary agreement by the East Coast Longline Tunamens’ Association. Elsewhere, domestic fleets catch black marlin incidentally in longline tuna fisheries. Japanese vessels began making significant catches of black marlin in both the north-west Coral Sea and off north-western Australia in 1953. Since the commencement of operation of the 200-mile Australian Fishing Zone in 1979, access of this fleet to Australian waters is subject to bilateral agreements. In the Australian Fishing Zone, Japanese fleets fish for tunas such as yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) and bigeye tuna (T. obesus) and billfish such as striped marlin (Tetrapturus audax) and broadbill swordfish (Xiphias gladius). Black marlin and blue marlin usually form an incidental catch of the Japanese drifting longline fishery. A few longliners used to target spawning and pre-spawning aggregations of black marlin in the Coral Sea during the summer. The Japanese longline boats range up to 350 t and 45 m in size and each boat generally spends about 60 days in the Australian Fishing Zone during its fishing campaign. The longlines are 70-110 km long and may carry more than 3000 hooks. One set of a single main line is made in any 24 hour period, and traditionally the line are set to fish at between 50 m and 150 m depth. Deeper sets to 250 m - which target bigeye tuna - may occasionally be made. The maximum catch rate for black marlin off north-western Australia occurs between November and April (Ref. 30354), mostly between 12°S and 24°S, peaking offshore between Exmouth and Broome. The north-west Coral Sea longline grounds, which were historically bounded by 142-150°E and 10-20°S, accounted for the major part of the south-west Pacific black marlin catch. Catch and catch rates there peaked between October and December between 14°S and 19°S in the Queensland and Townsville troughs. The present fishing grounds are much more restricted due to area closures. Black marlin in the Coral Sea longline fishery typically range from 50-120 kg (processed weight) with an average size of 85-90 kg. In this fishery, fish less than 100 kg are usually male and all fish more than 90 kg are female. This size difference suggests that immature females may not be present in the Coral Sea longline fishery - only about 10% of the total north-west Coral Sea longline catch is comprised of females. The whereabouts of immature females larger than 60 kg is unknown. The vast majority of black marlin caught by Japanese longliners is sold as processed, frozen sashimi in Japan. Domestically, black marlin is banned from sale in New South Wales because mercury and selenium levels usually exceed government health limits in the State. Although the levels are highly variable between individuals, they are correlated with size (Ref. 30363). Recreational fishery: The black marlin recreational fishery off eastern Australia is large in terms of value and interest. The game fishery off Cairns to Lizard Island occurs at the same time as the longline fishery (September-December) on the outside of the coral reefs but within several km, often hundreds of m, of the reef crests. The Cairns-Lizard Island charter boat fishery targets females of greater than 450 kg (‘thousand pounders’) associated with the spawning/pre-spawning aggregation previously targeted by the commercial fleet. The size of fish caught generally ranges from 10 kg to 500 kg (Ref. 30358). Of the total catch (including tagged fish), 47% are larger than 200 kg. Up to 1993, the largest black marlin recorded by the Gamefishing Association of Australia, caught off Cairns, was 654 kg. Most captures of black marlin in eastern Australia are made off Queensland, where a high proportion are tagged and released (the fate of about 90% of black marlin caught by charter boats and tournaments). Tagging of black marlin in New South Wales is steadily growing in popularity. Under the New South Wales Fisheries Research Institute’s gamefish tagging program, 16,412 black marlin were tagged from the end of 1973 to mid-1992 and there had been 108 recaptures. Light-tackle fisheries for 10-40 kg fish take place from July to October at Pixie Reef, Dunk Island and Cape Bowling Green. Fishing for 20-50 kg fish off Cape Moreton peaks in January-February. The range of sizes of fish caught in north-central New South Wales is 25-120 kg, with the peak season occurring from January to March. Some larger fish are caught off Bermagui further south, mostly around March (Ref. 30358). Angler clubs located in eastern Australia reported landing approximately 600 marlin (mostly black, also blue and striped) in 1988-89. There is a small fishery in Northern Territory waters concentrated around Melville Island, Cobourg Peninsula, the Wessel Islands and south of Groote Eylandt. Landed fish range in size from 50 kg to 200 kg. Resource status: The Pacific-wide catch of black marlin by the Japanese fleet has remained moderately stable since the mid 1960s although fishing effort measured as thousands of hooks set) has increased (Ref. 30364). Exclusion of the fleet from inshore areas of the Australian Fishing Zone has contributed to the reduced catch per unit effort as it denies access to the coastal habitats of black marlin. This in turn results in a change in the species targeted: the longline boats now fish primarily in cooler and deeper waters than those normally frequented by black marlin. The black marlin catch of the Taiwanese distant water fleet has been increasing over the same period, and to some extent has offset the declining Japanese catches - although the Taiwanese do not fish in Australian waters and their Coral Sea catch is small compared with that of the Japanese. The recreational fisheries of Cairns-Lizard Island and north-western Australia fish the same stock as the Japanese longline fishery. The extent of their combined pressure on the stock is unknown. Because of uncertainty in total (global) catch figures and stock structure (Ref. 30365), together with an apparently sustained total catch level over a wide range of fishing effort, stock production models have not been successfully applied to black marlin in either the Pacific or Indian oceans (Ref. 30364). There have been apparent declines in the catch per unit effort for both oceans, but the extent to which these declines have been due to reductions in stock size or to changes in targeting and area closures are unclear. Also Ref. 2334.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/as.html
National Fisheries Authority: http://www.csiro.au/
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Makaire noir, Aguja negra, Black marlin fish, ... more

分类 / Names 俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei > Carangiformes (Jacks) > Istiophoridae (Billfishes)
Etymology: More on author: Cuvier.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生态学

海洋; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 915 m (Ref. 43), usually 0 - 200 m (Ref. 43). 亞熱帶的; 15°C - 30°C (Ref. 43); 44°N - 47°S, 18°E - 69°W (Ref. 43)

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Indo-Pacific: tropical and subtropical waters, occasionally entering temperate waters. Stray individuals migrate into the Atlantic Ocean by way of the Cape of Good Hope, but the existence of Atlantic breeding stocks is unlikely. Highly migratory species.
印度-太平洋: 熱帶與亞熱帶的水域, 偶然地進入溫帶的水域。迷途的個體迴游進入大西洋之內經由好望角，但是大西洋繁殖分枝的生存不太可能。高度遷移的種,1982年海事法會議的附件一.(參考文獻 26139)

大小 / 重量 / 年龄

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 465 cm FL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 40637); common length : 380 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 30573); 最大体重: 750.0 kg (Ref. 5503)

简单描述型态特徵 | 形态测量图

背棘 (总数): 0; 背的软条 (总数): 39-50; 臀棘 0; 臀鳍软条: 16 - 21. Body elongate and not very compressed; upper jaw produced into a robust but not very long beak; two dorsal fins, the height of the first less then the greatest body depth, becoming shorter posteriorly; pectoral fins falcate and rigid, with 19 to 20 rays; body densely covered with small, embedded scales with 1 or 2 sharp points; back dark blue; belly silvery white; membrane of first dorsal fin blue black, without spots; flanks without spots (Ref. 55763). Dark blue above, silvery white below; sometimes with light blue vertical stripes; 1st dorsal fin blackish to dark blue, other fins dark brown with tinges of dark blue in some specimens.
细长的身体而不是非常扁长形的; 上颌伸展到结实但不伸展到非常长的喙了; 二个背鳍, 第一个的高度比较少量然后最大的体高, 在后部地变得比较短的; 胸鳍镰刀状而硬的, 藉由 19个到 20 鳍条; 身体浓密地覆盖着了小的, 埋入鳞片有 1 或 2 点尖; 背面深蓝色; 腹面银白色; 第一背鳍蓝色的黑色的薄膜, 没有斑点; 没有斑点的侧面.(参考文献 55763) 背面深蓝色的, 下面银白色的; 有时有浅蓝色垂直的斑纹; 第一背鳍黑色的对深蓝色, 其他的鳍深褐色的在一些标本中有深蓝色的淡色。

Oceanic, usually found in surface waters above the thermocline, often near shore close to land masses, islands and coral reefs. Feed on fishes, squids, cuttlefishes, octopods, large decapod crustaceans and mostly on small tunas when abundant (Ref. 9668). The flesh is of good quality; marketed refrigerated or frozen and prepared as sashimi in Japan (Ref. 9308). Also Ref. 9692.

大洋性的, 通常发现于在温水层上面的水表面, 时常近岸接近大陆区块，岛与珊瑚礁。捕食鱼，乌贼，墨鱼，章鱼，大的十足目的甲壳动物与主要吃小鲔鱼当丰富的时候.(参考文献 9668) 肉是有好品质的; 在市场上销售在日本使或冷却冻结而且作为生鱼片。 (参考文献 9308) 也参考文献 9692.

Life cycle and mating behavior 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼

Believed to prefer water temperatures around 27° to 28°C during spawning. Egg counts of ripe roe totaled about 40 million per female. 印度-太平洋: 熱帶與亞熱帶的水域, 偶然地進入溫帶的水域。迷途的個體迴游進入大西洋之內經由好望角，但是大西洋繁殖分枝的生存不太可能。高度遷移的種,1982年海事法會議的附件一.(參考文獻 26139)

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Nakamura, I., 1985. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 5. Billfishes of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of marlins, sailfishes, spearfishes and swordfishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(5):65p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 43)

世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435)

数据缺失 (DD) ; Date assessed: 01 May 2021

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

对人类的威胁

无害处的

人类利用

渔业: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的

FAO(渔业: 产生; publication : search) | FishSource | 周边海洋

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 16 - 28.4, mean 25.4 (based on 3272 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 1.0005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00447 (0.00209 - 0.00953), b=3.13 (2.93 - 3.33), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).

营养阶层 (Ref. 69278): 4.5 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.

回复力 (Ref. 120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.47(?); Fec=67 million; assuming tm>2).

Prior r = 0.56, 95% CL = 0.37 - 0.84, Based on 2 stock assessments.

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Very high vulnerability (78 of 100).

Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): Very high vulnerability (76 of 100).

价格分类 (Ref. 80766): Very high.

Istiompax indica (Cuvier, 1832)

Common names from other countries

分类 / Names 俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生态学

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大小 / 重量 / 年龄

简单描述型态特徵 | 形态测量图

生物学特性字汇 (例如 epibenthic)

Life cycle and mating behavior 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼

主要参考文献 Upload your references | 参考文献 | 合作者 | 合作者

世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435)

CITES (Ref. 128078)

CMS (Ref. 116361)

对人类的威胁

人类利用

更多信息

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特别资料

下载 XML

网络资源

Estimates based on models

Istiompax indica (Cuvier, 1832)

Common names from other countries

分类 / Names 俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生态学

分布 国家 | FAO区域 | 生态系 | 标本纪录 | Point map | 简介 | Faunafri

大小 / 重量 / 年龄

简单描述 型态特徵 | 形态测量图

生物学特性 字汇 (例如 epibenthic)

Life cycle and mating behavior 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼

主要参考文献 Upload your references | 参考文献 | 合作者 | 合作者

世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435)

CITES (Ref. 128078)

CMS (Ref. 116361)

对人类的威胁

人类利用

更多信息

工具

特别资料

下载 XML

网络资源

Estimates based on models

分布国家 | FAO区域 | 生态系 | 标本纪录 | Point map | 简介 | Faunafri

简单描述型态特徵 | 形态测量图

生物学特性字汇 (例如 epibenthic)