| Main Ref. | Chernoff, B. and R.R. Miller, 1986 |
| Appearance refers to | |
| Bones in OsteoBase |
| Specialized organs | |
| Different appearance | |
| Different colors | |
| Remarks | Anterior rays of anal fin longest, forming small lobe in males; posterior margin straight in females. Length of pelvic fins sexually dimorphic, reaching origin of anal fin in males and just beyond anus in females. |
| Striking features | none |
| Body shape lateral (shape guide) | short and / or deep |
| Cross section | compressed |
| Dorsal head profile | clearly convex |
| Type of eyes | more or less normal |
| Type of mouth/snout | more or less normal |
| Position of mouth | terminal |
| Type of scales | |
| Diagnosis |
Anal fin-rays usually 8, occasionally 7. Lateral line incomplete with 11 - 34 pored scales and usually extending beyond vertical from insertion of pelvic fins. Head canals often interrupted but supraorbital canal is complete. Infraorbital canal with 11 - 18 pores, extending onto snout. Gill rakers on first arch, 6 - 10, pointed on upper limb, stout and nubby on lower limb. Caudal peduncle of moderate depth and length, ratio of least depth/length 337 - 527. Terminal mouth with a dusky stripe on the snout. Deep body compressed. Pharyngeal teeth 4 - 4 (Ref. 52300). |
| Ease of Identification |
| Lateral Lines | Interrupted: No |
| Scales on lateral line | 33 - 39 |
| Pored lateral line scales | 11 - 34 |
| Scales in lateral series | |
| Scale rows above lateral line | |
| Scale rows below lateral line | |
| Scales around caudal peduncle | 14 - 16 |
| Barbels | |
| Gill clefts (sharks/rays only) | |
| Gill rakers | |
| on lower limb | |
| on upper limb | 6 - 10 |
| total | |
| Vertebrae | |
| preanal | |
| total |
| Attributes | |
| Fins number | |
| Finlets No. | Dorsal |
| Ventral | |
| Spines total | |
| Soft-rays total | 8 - 8 |
| Adipose fin |
| Attributes | forked; more or less normal |
| Fins number | |
| Spines total | |
| Soft-rays total | 7 - 8 |
| Pectoral | Attributes more or less normal |
| Spines | |
| Soft-rays 12 - 14 | |
| Pelvics | Attributes more or less normal |
| Position abdominal before origin of D1 | |
| Spines | |
| Soft-rays 7 - 8 |