| Main Ref. | Ng, H.H., 2002 |
| Appearance refers to | |
| Bones in OsteoBase |
| Specialized organs | |
| Different appearance | |
| Different colors | |
| Remarks |
| Striking features | |
| Body shape lateral | elongated |
| Cross section | |
| Dorsal head profile | clearly concave |
| Type of eyes | |
| Type of mouth/snout | |
| Position of mouth | terminal |
| Type of scales | |
| Diagnosis |
Pectoral fin length 14.0-16.9% SL; pectoral spine length 9.0-11.0% SL; eye diameter 20.0-23.9% HL; vomerine teeth present in two closely-situated elliptical patches; a distinct nuchal concavity; and mandibular barbels reaching beyond anterior base of anal fin. Pectoral spine and articulated segments sexually dimorphic in mature individuals. Male with spine broad and somewhat flattened dorsoventrally, with 10-12 distinct posterior serrations; proximal articulated segments with 9-18 well-developed posterior serrations. Females with spine slender, with 12-14 smaller posterior serrations; proximal articulated segments with 6-9 small and poorly-developed posterior serrations. Fins hyaline, with small dark-brown spots occasionally present (Ref. 42937). |
| Ease of Identification |
| Lateral Lines | Interrupted: No |
| Scales on lateral line | |
| Pored lateral line scales | |
| Scales in lateral series | |
| Scale rows above lateral line | |
| Scale rows below lateral line | |
| Scales around caudal peduncle | |
| Barbels | |
| Gill clefts (sharks/rays only) | |
| Gill rakers | |
| on lower limb | 10 - 13 |
| on upper limb | 4 - 5 |
| total | 14 - 18 |
| Vertebrae | |
| preanal | |
| total | 57 - 59 |
| Attributes | |
| Fins number | 1 |
| Finlets No. | Dorsal |
| Ventral | |
| Spines total | |
| Soft-rays total | 1 |
| Adipose fin |
| Attributes | forked; more or less normal |
| Fins number | |
| Spines total | |
| Soft-rays total | 70 - 79 |
| Pectoral | Attributes other (see remarks) |
| Spines | |
| Soft-rays 12 - 15 | |
| Pelvics | Attributes more or less normal |
| Position | |
| Spines | |
| Soft-rays 8 - 10 |