| Main Ref. | Pinheiro, H.T., C. Rocha and L.A. Rocha, 2018 |
| Appearance refers to | |
| Bones in OsteoBase |
| Specialized organs | |
| Different appearance | |
| Different colors | always different colors between mature adults |
| Remarks | Sexually dichromatic. Males with body pinkish and reddish, darker dorsally fading to white ventrally; two alternating bright yellow and pink stripes from anterior end of body through nape across the operculum, up to area below middle of spinous dorsal fin and becoming series of irregular spots on the posterior third of body; a third yellow stripe of similar pattern from lower jaw to caudal fin becoming a series of irregular blotches under pectoral fin; yellow eye with bright pink upper and lower edges; snout and region anterior to eye are bright yellow with a thin pink stripe extending dorsally to two thirds distance to origin of dorsal fin; bright yellow margins on scales on ventral portion of head and body; dorsal fin yellow with a bright purplish pink margin; anal fin yellow also with bright pink margin from first to seventh ray and along posterior margin of last ray; yellow pelvic fin with pink anterior margin; caudal fin pink posteriorly and yellow with irregular pink markings anteriorly, the filaments in upper and lower edges yellow; pectoral fin translucent yellow. Females and juveniles are predominantly reddish orange and slightly darker dorsally; snout and region anterior to eye are bright yellow with a thin red stripe extending dorsally to two thirds distance to origin of dorsal fin; alternating yellow and red stripes 2, from anterior end of body through nape to the operculum; the third yellow stripe at lower jaw to base of pectoral fin; greenish yellow eye with bright purple upper and lower edges; scales on body with red margins; dorsal fins are predominantly yellow with orange rays and dark red blotch covering first three dorsal spines; anal fin is predominantly yellow with orange rays and orange margin; yellow pelvic fin with purplish red anterior margin; yellow caudal fin with pinkish orange margins and vertical lines forming ocellated and irregular markings; pectoral fin is translucent orange (Ref. 120716). |
| Striking features | |
| Body shape lateral | fusiform / normal |
| Cross section | compressed |
| Dorsal head profile | |
| Type of eyes | |
| Type of mouth/snout | |
| Position of mouth | |
| Type of scales | |
| Diagnosis |
This species is distinguished from its congeners by the following set of characters: D X, 15-16 with last dorsal spine the longest, 1.8-2.2 in head length and the 7th dorsal ray the longest, 2.65-2.80 in head length; A 9; pored lateral-line scales 32-35; ventral scale rows 9-10; body is slender and compressed, with greatest depth 2.96-3.18 in SL, width 1.77-2.09 in depth. Phylogenetic analysis shows the new species belongs to Tosanoides and differs of the other known species by: a divergence of at least 12.35% at the cytochrome oxidase I gene, last dorsal spine the longest (instead first through fourth), fewer dorsal-fin rays (15-16 vs. 16-17), and more anal-fin rays (9 vs. 8) (Ref. 120716) |
| Ease of Identification |
| Lateral Lines | Interrupted: No |
| Scales on lateral line | |
| Pored lateral line scales | 32 - 35 |
| Scales in lateral series | |
| Scale rows above lateral line | 3 - 3 |
| Scale rows below lateral line | 9 - 10 |
| Scales around caudal peduncle | |
| Barbels | |
| Gill clefts (sharks/rays only) | |
| Gill rakers | |
| on lower limb | 22 - 22 |
| on upper limb | 8 - 8 |
| total | |
| Vertebrae | |
| preanal | 10 - 10 |
| total | 27 - 27 |
| Attributes | |
| Fins number | 1 |
| Finlets No. | Dorsal |
| Ventral | |
| Spines total | 10 - 10 |
| Soft-rays total | 15 - 16 |
| Adipose fin |
| Attributes |
| Fins number | 1 |
| Spines total | 3 - 3 |
| Soft-rays total | 9 - 9 |
| Pectoral | Attributes |
| Spines 0 | |
| Soft-rays 14 - 15 | |
| Pelvics | Attributes |
| Position | |
| Spines 1 | |
| Soft-rays 5 - 5 |