Family Myliobatidae - Eagle and manta rays | ||||
Order | : | Myliobatiformes | ||
Class | : | Elasmobranchii | ||
No. in FishBase | : | Genera : 2 | Species : 20 Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes | ||
Environment | : | Fresh : No | Brackish : Yes | Marine : Yes | ||
Division | : | Marine | ||
Aquarium | : | none | ||
First Fossil Record | : | upper Cretaceous | Ref. Berg, L.S. 1958 | |
Remark | : | Distribution: Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans (Ref. 6871). Morphology: Medium to very large rays, with adults reaching at least 3 m in width and with a rhomboidal, ‘wing-like’ disc; trunk is broad, depressed and thick; head narrow, elevated above the disc, protruding forward anteriorly; anteriormost part of pectoral fins joining head below level of eyes; eyes lateral on head; spiracles lateral on head, with openings not visible in dorsal view; mouth ventral, broad; internasal flap is straight or slightly undulated, not notched; each jaw with teeth in 6-10 (usually 7) rows, middle row always broadest; upper and lower tooth plates similar in shape; pectoral fins broad, with narrow angular apices and free rear tips angular, somewhat pointed; a single, small dorsal fin; posterior margin of dorsal fin joined to surface of tail (no free rear tip), its origin either well in front of (Aetomylaeus) or behind (Myliobatis) pelvic-fin free rear tips; tail long, whip-like, narrow-based, much longer than disc; with caudal stings in most species (absent in most members of the genus Aetomylaeus); rostral part of pectoral fins with (genus Myliobatis) or without (genus Aetomylaeus) subocular ridges connecting them to pectoral disc (pectoral radials joining cephalic lobe or interrupted from separate cephalic lobe); lateral margin of postorbital process of chondrocranium not forming a bar-like projection; Hyomandibular Accessory Cartilage 1 (HAC-1) present near distal end of the hyomandibular cartilage; puboischiadic bar of pelvic girdle weakly to moderately arched and robust; pectoral-fin radials (excluding rostral cartilages) 79-92 (Ref. 123477) | ||
Etymology | : | Greek, myleys, -eos = mill, millstone + Greek, batis, -idos = ray (the fish) ( Ref. 45335). | ||
Reproductive guild | : | bearers | ||
Typical activity level | : | |||
Main Ref. | : | ECoF, Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes 2024 | ||
Coordinator | : | ECoF, Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes 2024 | ||
Deep Fin Classification | : |
Important recommendation:
The list below must not be used as an authority reference synonymy list like those found in scientific published revisions, which must be the source to be used and cited eventually when they exist.
Rather, it reflects the current content of FishBase, and the progress with respect to synchronization with the Catalog of Fishes. However, we think it can be useful for users to assess the quality of information in FishBase, to start new work on the family, or to cross-check with other lists.
But we appreciate to be cited in publications when this list has been of any working value. In particular, for published scientific, we suggest then to cite it in the Material and Method section as a useful tool to conduct the research, but again, not as a taxonomic or nomenclatural authority reference.
Unless it is explicitly precised, the list is not complete, please search all original names published for the family in the Catalog of Fishes (genera, species), including those with uncertain or unknown status, that are not included in FishBase when they are not attached to a valid species.
This list uses some data from Catalog of Fishes (not shown but used to sort names).
The list ordered as follows:
Please send comments and corrections if you detect errors or missing names.
Scientifc name | Status | Senior/Junior synonym | Combination |
---|---|---|---|
Myliobatis aquila (Linnaeus, 1758) | accepted | senior | new |
Raja aquila Linnaeus, 1758 | synonym | senior | original |
Leiobatus aquila (Linnaeus, 1758) | synonym | senior | new |
! Myliobatis equila (Linnaeus, 1758) | synonym | senior | new |
! Myliobatus aquila (Linnaeus, 1758) | synonym | senior | new |
Myliobatis noctula Bonaparte, 1833 | synonym | junior | original |
Raia rhombus Larrañaga, 1923 | synonym | junior | original |
Myliobatis cervus Smith, 1935 | synonym | junior | original |
Myliobatis freminvillei Lesueur, 1824 | accepted | senior | original |
Myliobatis freminvillii Lesueur, 1824 | synonym | senior | original |
Myliobatis tobijei Bleeker, 1854 | accepted | senior | original |
Mobula tobijei (Bleeker, 1854) | synonym | senior | new |
! Myliobatis tobije Bleeker, 1854 | synonym | senior | original |
Myliobatis californica Gill, 1865 | accepted | senior | original |
! Myliobatis californicus Gill, 1865 | synonym | senior | original |
Holorhinus californicus (Gill, 1865) | synonym | senior | new |
Rhinoptera vespertilio Girard, 1856 | ambiguous | homonym | original |
Rhinoptera encenadae Smith, 1886 | ambiguous | questionable | original |
Myliobatis tenuicaudatus Hector, 1877 | accepted | senior | original |
! Myliobatis tenuicandatus Hector, 1877 | synonym | senior | original |
! Myliobatis tenuicaudatis Hector, 1877 | synonym | senior | original |
! Myliobatus tentuicaudatus Hector, 1877 | synonym | senior | original |
Myliobatis australis Macleay, 1881 | accepted | senior | original |
Myliobatis goodei Garman, 1885 | accepted | senior | original |
Myliobatis chilensis Philippi, 1892 | accepted | senior | original |
Myliobatis hamlyni Ogilby, 1911 | accepted | senior | original |
Myliobatis peruvianus Garman, 1913 | accepted | senior | original |
Aetobatus peruvianus (Garman, 1913) | synonym | senior | new |
! Myliobatis peruanus Garman, 1913 | synonym | senior | original |
Myliobatis longirostris Applegate & Fitch, 1964 | accepted | senior | original |
Myliobatis ridens Ruocco, Lucifora, Díaz de Astarloa, Mabragaña & Delpiani, 2012 | accepted | senior | original |
Aetomylaeus maculatus (Gray, 1834) | accepted | senior | new |
! Myliobatus maculatus Gray, 1834 | synonym | senior | original |
Myliobatis maculatus Gray, 1834 | synonym | senior | original |
! Aetomylus maculatus (Gray, 1834) | synonym | senior | new |
Myliobatis cyclura van Hasselt, 1823 | synonym | other | original |
! Myliobatus cyclurus van Hasselt, 1823 | synonym | other | original |
Myliobates oculeus Richardson, 1846 | synonym | junior | original |
Aetomylaeus nichofii (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) | accepted | senior | new |
! Raja niehofii Bloch & Schneider, 1801 | synonym | senior | original |
Aetomylaeus niehofii (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) | synonym | senior | new |
Raja nichofii Bloch & Schneider, 1801 | synonym | senior | original |
! Aetomylaeus nichofi (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) | synonym | senior | new |
! Aetomyleus nichofii (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) | synonym | senior | new |
! Myliobatis nieuhofii (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) | synonym | senior | new |
! Raja nieuhowii Bloch & Schneider, 1801 | synonym | senior | original |
Raja fasciata Shaw, 1804 | synonym | junior | original |
Myliobatis vultur Müller & Henle, 1841 | synonym | junior | original |
Myliobates nieuhofii cornifera Annandale, 1909 | synonym | junior | original |
! Aetomylus huletti Smith, 1953 | synonym | junior | original |
Aetomylaeus huletti Smith, 1953 | synonym | junior | original |
Aetomylaeus bovinus (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817) | accepted | senior | new |
Myliobatis bovina Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817 | synonym | senior | original |
Pteromylaeus bovinus (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817) | synonym | senior | new |
Myliobates episcopus Valenciennes, 1844 | synonym | junior | original |
Myliobatis bonaparti Duméril, 1865 | synonym | junior | original |
Aetomylaeus huletti Smith, 1953 | ambiguous | questionable | original |
! Aetomylus huletti Smith, 1953 | ambiguous | questionable | original |
Aetomylaeus milvus (Müller & Henle, 1841) | accepted | senior | new |
Myliobatis milvus Müller & Henle, 1841 | synonym | senior | original |
! Aetomyleus milvus (Müller & Henle, 1841) | synonym | senior | new |
! Aetomylus milvus (Müller & Henle, 1841) | synonym | senior | new |
Myliobatis vultur (non Müller & Henle, 1841) | misapplied | misapplied | original |
Myliobates oculeus (non Richardson, 1846) | misapplied | misapplied | original |
Aetomylaeus vespertilio (Bleeker, 1852) | accepted | senior | new |
Myliobatis vespertilio Bleeker, 1852 | synonym | senior | original |
! Aetomylus vespertilio (Bleeker, 1852) | synonym | senior | new |
Aetobatus reticulatus Teng, 1962 | synonym | junior | original |
Aetomylaeus reticulatus (Teng, 1962) | ambiguous | questionable | new |
Myliobatis milvus (non Müller & Henle, 1841) | misapplied | misapplied | original |
Aetomylaeus asperrimus (Gilbert, 1898) | accepted | senior | new |
Myliobatis asperrimus Gilbert, 1898 | synonym | senior | original |
Pteromylaeus asperrimus (Gilbert, 1898) | synonym | senior | new |
Aetomylaeus caeruleofasciatus White, Last & Baje, 2015 | accepted | senior | original |
Aetomylaeus wafickii Jabado, Ebert & Al Dhaheri, 2022 | accepted | senior | original |