Family Scaridae - Parrotfishes
Order : Eupercaria/misc Scaridae Scaridae
Class : Teleostei
No. in FishBase : Genera : 10 | Species : 100 Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes
Environment : Fresh : No | Brackish : Yes | Marine : Yes
Division : Marine
Aquarium : many
First Fossil Record : lower   Tertiary     Eocene Ref. Berg, L.S. 1958
Remark : The family is included in the Labridae after the phylogenetic studies by M. Westneat. A complete phylogeny of Labridae is suitable before changing the well known and recognizable clade. Chiefly tropical. Distribution: Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans. Jaw teeth fused or parrotlike. Spines in dorsal fin 9; soft rays 10. Three spines in anal fin; soft rays 9. One spine in pelvic; soft rays 5. Caudal fin with 11 branched rays. Scales large; cycloid. Lateral line with usually 22-24 scales. Vertebrae 25. Herbivorous, usually scraping algae from dead coral substrates. Bits of rock eaten with the algae are crushed into sand and ground with the algae to aid in digestion, making parrotfish some of the most important producers of sand on coral reefs. At night, some species rest enveloped in their mucoid secretion. Sex change seems a common occurrence, with an initial phase (IP) of both males and females, and the latter changing into a brilliantly colored male terminal phase (TP). Terminal males dominate several females; pelagic spawners. Many species could be identified by their live coloration but this may be lost in preservation, or can vary between juveniles and adults and with sex change. Important food fishes. Difficult to maintain in aquaria as the fused teeth need to constantly graze dead coral rock in order to keep from growing too long.
Etymology : Latin, sacrus = a fish described by ancient writers; 1601. Derived from Greek, skairo = to jump; due to the legendary jumps and tail bumps, very well known by ancient fishers ( Ref. 45335).
Reproductive guild : nonguarders
Typical activity level : normal
Main Ref. : Nelson, J.S. 1994
Coordinator : Nelson, J.S. 1994
Deep Fin Classification :

Show species images | Show valid names | Nominal species list | Identification keys | CAS specimen photos | References

Ref.
[ e.g. 9948 ]
Glossary
[ e.g. oophagy ]


Species/Synonymy list for the family Scaridae as currently in FishBase

Important recommendation:

The list below must not be used as an authority reference synonymy list like those found in scientific published revisions, which must be the source to be used and cited eventually when they exist.

Rather, it reflects the current content of FishBase, and the progress with respect to synchronization with the Catalog of Fishes. However, we think it can be useful for users to assess the quality of information in FishBase, to start new work on the family, or to cross-check with other lists.

But we appreciate to be cited in publications when this list has been of any working value. In particular, for published scientific, we suggest then to cite it in the Material and Method section as a useful tool to conduct the research, but again, not as a taxonomic or nomenclatural authority reference.

Unless it is explicitly precised, the list is not complete, please search all original names published for the family in the Catalog of Fishes (genera, species), including those with uncertain or unknown status, that are not included in FishBase when they are not attached to a valid species.

This list uses some data from Catalog of Fishes (not shown but used to sort names).

The list ordered as follows:

Please send comments and corrections if you detect errors or missing names.

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Scientifc name Status Senior/Junior synonym Combination
Scarinae
Scarus psittacus Forsskål, 1775
acceptedseniororiginal
Scarus venosus Valenciennes, 1840
synonymjuniororiginal
Xanothon venosus (Valenciennes, 1840)
synonymjuniornew
Scarus hertit Valenciennes, 1840
synonymjuniororiginal
Scarus forsteri Valenciennes, 1840
synonymjuniororiginal
Callyodon forsteri (Valenciennes, 1840)
synonymjuniornew
Scarus taeniurus Valenciennes, 1840
synonymjuniororiginal
Scarus balinensis Bleeker, 1849
synonymjuniororiginal
Scarus bataviensis Bleeker, 1857
synonymjuniororiginal
Callyodon bataviensis (Bleeker, 1857)
synonymjuniornew
Xanothon bataviensis (Bleeker, 1857)
synonymjuniornew
Pseudocarus oktodon Bleeker, 1861
ambiguousquestionableoriginal
Scarus oktodon (Bleeker, 1861)
ambiguousquestionablenew
Xanothon oktodon (Bleeker, 1861)
ambiguousquestionablenew
Pseudoscarus forskalii Klunzinger, 1871
synonymjuniororiginal
Scarus forskalii (Klunzinger, 1871)
synonymjuniornew
Pseudoscarus filholi Sauvage, 1880
synonymjuniororiginal
Pseudoscarus labiosus Macleay, 1883
synonymjuniororiginal
Scarus gilberti Jenkins, 1901
synonymjuniororiginal
Scarus brunneus Jenkins, 1901
synonymjuniororiginal
Scarus jenkinsi Jordan & Evermann, 1903
synonymjuniororiginal
Callyodon erythacus Jordan & Seale, 1906
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
Scarus galena Jordan, 1925
synonymjuniororiginal
Xanothon carifanus Smith, 1956
synonymjuniororiginal
Xanothon parvidens Smith, 1956
synonymjuniororiginal
Scarus coeruleus (Edwards, 1771)
acceptedseniornew
Coryphaena coerulea Edwards, 1771
synonymseniororiginal
ambiguoushomonymoriginal
Scarus coeruleus (Bloch, 1786)
ambiguoushomonymnew
! Scarus coerulus (Bloch, 1786)
ambiguoushomonymnew
Scarus loro Bloch & Schneider, 1801
synonymjuniororiginal
Calliodon gibbosus Bloch & Schneider, 1801
synonymjuniororiginal
Scarus trilobatus Lacepède, 1802
synonymjuniororiginal
Sparus holocyaneos Lacepède, 1802
synonymjuniororiginal
Scarus obtusus Poey, 1860
synonymjuniororiginal
Scarus nuchalis Poey, 1860
synonymjuniororiginal
Scarus ferrugineus Forsskål, 1775
acceptedseniororiginal
Scarus aeruginosus Valenciennes, 1840
synonymjuniororiginal
Scarus caerulescens Valenciennes, 1840
synonymjuniororiginal
! Scarus coerulescens Valenciennes, 1840
synonymjuniororiginal
Pseudoscarus augustinus Kossmann & Räuber, 1877
synonymjuniororiginal
Scarus marshalli Schultz, 1958
synonymjuniororiginal
Scarus ghobban Fabricius, 1775
acceptedseniororiginal
Callyodon ghobban (Fabricius, 1775)
synonymseniornew
! Scarus ghoban Fabricius, 1775
synonymseniororiginal
Scarus guttatus Bloch & Schneider, 1801
synonymjuniororiginal
Callyodon guttatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
synonymjuniornew
Scarus maculosus Lacepède, 1802
synonymjuniororiginal
Scarus pepo Bennett, 1830
synonymjuniororiginal
Scarus reticulata Swainson, 1839
synonymjuniororiginal
Hemistoma reticulata (Swainson, 1839)
synonymjuniornew
Scarus lacerta Valenciennes, 1840
synonymjuniororiginal
Scarus dussumieri Valenciennes, 1840
synonymjuniororiginal
Callyodon dussumieri (Valenciennes, 1840)
synonymjuniornew
Scarus scabriusculus Valenciennes, 1840
synonymjuniororiginal
Scarus magrathii Bennett, 1841
synonymjuniororiginal
Scarus pyrrostethus Richardson, 1846
synonymjuniororiginal
Scarus haridoides Bleeker, 1855
synonymjuniororiginal
Pseudoscarus cantori Bleeker, 1861
synonymjuniororiginal
Pseudoscarus nudirostris Alleyne & Macleay, 1877
synonymjuniororiginal
ambiguousquestionableoriginal
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
Scarus noyesi Heller & Snodgrass, 1903
synonymjuniororiginal
Pseudoscarus natalensis Gilchrist & Thompson, 1909
synonymjuniororiginal
Pseudoscarus garretti Günther, 1909
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
Scarus azureus Meek & Hildebrand, 1928
synonymjuniororiginal
Scarus toshi Whitley, 1933
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
Scarus fehlmanni Schultz, 1969
synonymjuniororiginal
Scarus niger Forsskål, 1775
acceptedseniororiginal
Callyodon niger (Forsskål, 1775)
synonymseniornew
! Scarus nigar Forsskål, 1775
synonymseniororiginal
Scarus chadri Lacepède, 1802
ambiguousquestionableoriginal
Scarus nuchipunctatus Valenciennes, 1840
synonymjuniororiginal
Callyodon nuchipunctatus (Valenciennes, 1840)
synonymjuniornew
Scarus limbatus Valenciennes, 1840
synonymjuniororiginal
Scarus makaravar Montrouzier, 1857
ambiguousquestionableoriginal
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
Callyodon madagascariensis (Steindachner, 1887)
synonymjuniornew
Callyodon maoricus Jordan & Seale, 1906
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
Callyodon lineolabiatus Fowler & Bean, 1928
synonymjuniororiginal
Scarus lineolabiatus (Fowler & Bean, 1928)
synonymjuniornew
Scarus iseri (Bloch, 1789)
acceptedseniornew
Callyodon iseri Bloch, 1789
synonymseniororiginal
! Scarus iserti (Bloch, 1789)
synonymseniornew
Scarus croicensis Bloch, 1790
synonymjuniororiginal
Calliodon lineatus Bloch & Schneider, 1801
synonymjuniororiginal
Scarus insulaesanctaecrucis Bloch & Schneider, 1801
synonymjuniororiginal
Scarus alternans Valenciennes, 1840
synonymjuniororiginal
Scarus punctulatus Valenciennes, 1840
synonymjuniororiginal
Scarus diadema Valenciennes, 1840
synonymjuniororiginal
Scarus flavomarginatus Valenciennes, 1840
synonymjuniororiginal
Scarus aracanga Günther, 1862
synonymjuniororiginal
Callyodon margarita Fowler, 1917
synonymjuniororiginal
Scarus vetula Bloch & Schneider, 1801
acceptedseniororiginal
Scarus frenatus Lacepède, 1802
acceptedseniororiginal
Callyodon frenatus (Lacepède, 1802)
synonymseniornew
Scarus sexvittatus Rüppell, 1835
synonymjuniororiginal
Callyodon sexvittatus (Rüppell, 1835)
synonymjuniornew
Callyodon upolensis Jordan & Seale, 1906
synonymjuniororiginal
Callyodon vermiculatus Fowler & Bean, 1928
synonymjuniororiginal
Scarus vermiculatus (Fowler & Bean, 1928)
synonymjuniornew
Scarus randalli Schultz, 1958
synonymjuniororiginal
Scarus dubius Bennett, 1828
acceptedseniororiginal
Callyodon dubius (Bennett, 1828)
synonymseniornew
! Scarius dubius Bennett, 1828
synonymseniororiginal
Scarus formosus Valenciennes, 1840
synonymjuniororiginal
Scarus bennetti Valenciennes, 1840
synonymjuniororiginal
Callyodon bennetti (Valenciennes, 1840)
synonymjuniornew
Scarus lauia Jordan & Evermann, 1903
synonymjuniororiginal
Callyodon lauia (Jordan & Evermann, 1903)
synonymjuniornew
Scarus guacamaia Cuvier, 1829
acceptedseniororiginal
Scarus turchesius Valenciennes, 1840
synonymjuniororiginal
Scarus pleianus Poey, 1861
synonymjuniororiginal
Scarus taeniopterus Lesson, 1829
acceptedseniororiginal
Scarus collana Rüppell, 1835
acceptedseniororiginal
Scarus collaris Valenciennes, 1840
synonymjuniororiginal
Pseudoscarus ismailius Kossmann & Räuber, 1877
synonymjuniororiginal
Scarus ghardaqensis Bebars, 1978
synonymjuniororiginal
Scarus coelestinus Valenciennes, 1840
acceptedseniororiginal
! Scarus coelastinus Valenciennes, 1840
synonymseniororiginal
Scarus rostratus Poey, 1860
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
Scarus festivus Valenciennes, 1840
acceptedseniororiginal
Callyodon lunula Snyder, 1908
synonymjuniororiginal
Scarus lunula (Snyder, 1908)
synonymjuniornew
Callyodon verweyi de Beaufort, 1940
synonymjuniororiginal
Margaritodon verweyi (de Beaufort, 1940)
synonymjuniornew
Scarus globiceps Valenciennes, 1840
acceptedseniororiginal
Callyodon globiceps (Valenciennes, 1840)
synonymseniornew
! Scarus qlobiceps Valenciennes, 1840
synonymseniororiginal
Scarus lepidus Jenyns, 1842
synonymjuniororiginal
Callyodon lepidus (Jenyns, 1842)
synonymjuniornew
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
Pseudoscarus fuscus De Vis, 1885
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
Scarus pronus Fowler, 1900
synonymjuniororiginal
Scarus ferrugineus (non Forsskål, 1775)
misappliedmisappliedoriginal
Callyodon dubius (non Bennett, 1828)
misappliedmisappliednew
! Callyodon dobius (non Bennett, 1828)
misappliedmisappliedmisapplied
Scarus aeruginosus (non Valenciennes, 1840)
misappliedmisappliedoriginal
Scarus oviceps Valenciennes, 1840
acceptedseniororiginal
Scarus pectoralis (non Valenciennes, 1840)
misappliedmisappliedoriginal
Scarus prasiognathos Valenciennes, 1840
acceptedseniororiginal
! Scarus prasiognathus Valenciennes, 1840
synonymseniororiginal
Scarus chlorodon Jenyns, 1842
synonymjuniororiginal
Scarus singaporensis Bleeker, 1852
synonymjuniororiginal
Callyodon singaporensis (Bleeker, 1852)
synonymjuniornew
synonymjuniornew
Scarus janthochir Bleeker, 1853
synonymjuniororiginal
Callyodon janthochir (Bleeker, 1853)
synonymjuniornew
Pseudoscarus janthochir (Bleeker, 1853)
synonymjuniornew
! Callyodon janthocir (Bleeker, 1853)
synonymjuniornew
Scarus quoyi Valenciennes, 1840
acceptedseniororiginal
Scarus rivulatus Valenciennes, 1840
acceptedseniororiginal
Pseudoscarus rivulatus (Valenciennes, 1840)
synonymseniornew
Scarus fasciatus Valenciennes, 1840
synonymjuniororiginal
Callyodon fasciatus (Valenciennes, 1840)
synonymjuniornew
Scarus arcuatus Valenciennes, 1840
synonymjuniororiginal
Scarus rivulatoides Bleeker, 1847
synonymjuniororiginal
Scarus micrognathos Bleeker, 1847
synonymjuniororiginal
Scarus russelii Valenciennes, 1840
acceptedseniororiginal
! Scarus russelli Valenciennes, 1840
synonymseniororiginal
Xanothon fowleri Smith, 1956
synonymjuniororiginal
Scarus venosus (non Valenciennes, 1840)
misappliedmisappliedoriginal
Xanothon venosus (non Valenciennes, 1840)
misappliedmisappliednew
Xanothon pentazona (non Bleeker, 1861)
misappliedmisappliedmisapplied
Scarus scaber Valenciennes, 1840
acceptedseniororiginal
Callyodon scaber (Valenciennes, 1840)
synonymseniornew
Scarus pectoralis Valenciennes, 1840
synonymjuniororiginal
Callyodon pectoralis (Valenciennes, 1840)
synonymjuniornew
Callyodon oviceps (non Valenciennes, 1840)
misappliedmisappliedmisapplied
Callyodon lazulinus (non Jordan & Seale, 1906)
misappliedmisappliedmisapplied
Scarus trispinosus Valenciennes, 1840
acceptedseniororiginal
Sparisoma trispinosus (Valenciennes, 1840)
synonymseniornew
Scarus coeruleus (non Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
misappliedmisappliedmisapplied
Scarus vetula (non Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
misappliedmisappliedoriginal
Scarus coelestinus (non Valenciennes, 1840)
misappliedmisappliedoriginal
Scarus ovifrons Temminck & Schlegel, 1846
acceptedseniororiginal
Scarus rubroviolaceus Bleeker, 1847
acceptedseniororiginal
Callyodon rubroviolaceus (Bleeker, 1847)
synonymseniornew
Scarops rubroviolaceus (Bleeker, 1847)
synonymseniornew
! Callyodon rubrovidaceus (Bleeker, 1847)
synonymseniornew
Pseudoscarus jordani Jenkins, 1901
synonymjuniororiginal
Callyodon jordani (Jenkins, 1901)
synonymjuniornew
Scarops jordani (Jenkins, 1901)
synonymjuniornew
Scarus jordani (Jenkins, 1901)
synonymjuniornew
Callyodon ruberrimus Jordan & Seale, 1906
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniornew
Scarus chlorodon (non Jenyns, 1842)
misappliedmisappliedoriginal
Scarus tricolor Bleeker, 1847
acceptedseniororiginal
Callyodon tricolor (Bleeker, 1847)
synonymseniornew
Scarus cyanognathos Bleeker, 1847
synonymjuniororiginal
! Callyodon cyanognathus (Bleeker, 1847)
synonymjuniornew
! Scarus cyanognathus Bleeker, 1847
synonymjuniororiginal
Callyodon elerae Jordan & Seale, 1907
synonymjuniororiginal
Callyodon latifasciatus Seale & Bean, 1907
synonymjuniororiginal
Callyodon viridibusius Fowler & Bean, 1928
synonymjuniororiginal
Callyodon mus Smith, 1956
synonymjuniororiginal
Callyodon urbanus Smith, 1959
synonymjuniororiginal
Callyodon pectoralis (non Valenciennes, 1840)
misappliedmisappliednew
Callyodon lepidus (non Jenyns, 1842)
misappliedmisappliednew
Scarus lepidus (non Jenyns, 1842)
misappliedmisappliedoriginal
Scarus hypselopterus Bleeker, 1853
acceptedseniororiginal
! Scarus hypseloterus Bleeker, 1853
synonymseniororiginal
Scarus javanicus Bleeker, 1854
synonymjuniororiginal
Callyodon javanicus (Bleeker, 1854)
synonymjuniornew
Scarus moensi Bleeker, 1860
synonymjuniororiginal
Callyodon ogos Seale, 1910
synonymjuniororiginal
Scarus xanthopleura Bleeker, 1853
acceptedseniororiginal
Callyodon xanthopleura (Bleeker, 1853)
synonymseniornew
Scarus atropectoralis Schultz, 1958
synonymjuniororiginal
Scarus caudofasciatus (non Günther, 1862)
misappliedmisappliednew
Scarus dimidiatus Bleeker, 1859
acceptedseniororiginal
Pseudoscarus dimidiatus (Bleeker, 1859)
synonymseniornew
! Scarus dimidatus Bleeker, 1859
synonymseniororiginal
Callyodon fumifrons Jordan & Seale, 1906
synonymjuniororiginal
Callyodon zonularis Jordan & Seale, 1906
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniornew
Scarus forsteni (Bleeker, 1861)
acceptedseniornew
Pseudoscarus forsteni Bleeker, 1861
synonymseniororiginal
Callyodon forsteni (Bleeker, 1861)
synonymseniornew
! Scarus forstenii (Bleeker, 1861)
synonymseniornew
! Scarus forsteri (Bleeker, 1861)
synonymseniornew
Callyodon laxtoni Whitley, 1948
synonymjuniororiginal
Scarus lepidus (non Jenyns, 1842)
misappliedmisappliedoriginal
Scarus tricolor (non Randall & Choat, 1980)
misappliedmisappliedmisapplied
Scarus schlegeli (Bleeker, 1861)
acceptedseniornew
Scarus schelegeli (Bleeker, 1861)
synonymseniornew
synonymseniororiginal
Scarus caudofasciatus (Günther, 1862)
acceptedseniornew
synonymseniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
Scarus rubrofasciatus (Smith, 1956)
synonymjuniornew
Scarus chinensis (Steindachner, 1867)
acceptedseniornew
Pseudoscarus chinensis Steindachner, 1867
synonymseniororiginal
Scarus falcipinnis (Playfair, 1868)
acceptedseniornew
synonymseniororiginal
Callyodon falcipinnis (Playfair, 1868)
synonymseniornew
Callyodon pindae Smith, 1956
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
Scarus spinus (Kner, 1868)
acceptedseniornew
synonymseniororiginal
Callyodon kelloggii Jordan & Seale, 1906
synonymjuniororiginal
! Callyodon kelloggi Jordan & Seale, 1906
synonymjuniororiginal
Scarus gracilis (Steindachner, 1869)
acceptedseniornew
Pseudoscarus gracilis Steindachner, 1869
synonymseniororiginal
Scarus fuscopurpureus (Klunzinger, 1871)
acceptedseniornew
synonymseniororiginal
Scarus altipinnis (Steindachner, 1879)
acceptedseniornew
Pseudoscarus altipinnis Steindachner, 1879
synonymseniororiginal
Callyodon waitei Seale, 1906
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
Scarus brevifilis (Günther, 1909)
synonymjuniornew
Scarus chlorodon (non Jenyns, 1842)
misappliedmisappliedoriginal
Scarus hoefleri (Steindachner, 1881)
acceptedseniornew
Pseudoscarus hoefleri Steindachner, 1881
synonymseniororiginal
Callyodon hoefleri (Steindachneri, 1881)
synonymseniornew
Pseudoscarus guacamaia (non Cuvier, 1829)
misappliedmisappliedmisapplied
Scarus perrico Jordan & Gilbert, 1882
acceptedseniororiginal
Scarops perrico (Jordan & Gilbert, 1882)
synonymseniornew
Scarus arabicus (Steindachner, 1902)
acceptedseniornew
Pseudoscarus arabicus Steindachner, 1902
synonymseniororiginal
Scarus compressus (Osburn & Nichols, 1916)
acceptedseniornew
Callyodon compressus Osburn & Nichols, 1916
synonymseniororiginal
Scarus viridifucatus (Smith, 1956)
acceptedseniornew
synonymseniororiginal
! Scarus viridifurcatus (Smith, 1956)
synonymseniornew
synonymjuniororiginal
acceptedseniororiginal
Scarus koputea Randall & Choat, 1980
acceptedseniororiginal
Scarus sp. Not applicable
synonymotherother
Scarus longipinnis Randall & Choat, 1980
acceptedseniororiginal
Scarus sp. Not applicable
synonymotherother
Scarus persicus Randall & Bruce, 1983
acceptedseniororiginal
Scarus chameleon Choat & Randall, 1986
acceptedseniororiginal
! Scarus chaemeleon Choat & Randall, 1986
synonymseniororiginal
Scarus lunula (non Snyder, 1908)
misappliedmisappliednew
Scarus obishime Randall & Earle, 1993
acceptedseniororiginal
Scarus zufar Randall & Hoover, 1995
acceptedseniororiginal
Scarus fuscocaudalis Randall & Myers, 2000
acceptedseniororiginal
Scarus sp. Not applicable
synonymotherother
Scarus sp. 1 Not applicable
synonymotherother
Scarus sp. nov. Not applicable
synonymotherother
Scarus zelindae Moura, Figueiredo & Sazima, 2001
acceptedseniororiginal
Scarus sp. Not applicable
synonymotherother
Scarus iserti (non Bloch, 1789)
misappliedmisappliednew
Scarus croicensis (non Bloch, 1790)
misappliedmisappliedoriginal
Scarus taeniopterus (non Desmarest, 1831)
misappliedmisappliedmisapplied
Scarus maculipinna Westneat, Satapoomin & Randall, 2007
acceptedseniororiginal
Chlorurus gibbus (Rüppell, 1829)
acceptedseniornew
Scarus gibbus Rüppell, 1829
synonymseniororiginal
! Chlorurus gibbosus (Rüppell, 1829)
synonymseniornew
Chlorurus microrhinos (non Bleeker, 1854)
misappliedmisappliednew
Scarus microrhinos (non Bleeker, 1854)
misappliedmisappliedoriginal
Chlorurus strongylocephalus (non Bleeker, 1855)
misappliedmisappliednew
Scarus strongylocephalus (non Bleeker, 1855)
misappliedmisappliedoriginal
Callyodon microcheilus (non Bleeker, 1861)
misappliedmisappliedmisapplied
Chlorurus microcheilos (non Bleeker, 1861)
misappliedmisappliedmisapplied
Chlorurus sordidus (Forsskål, 1775)
acceptedseniornew
Scarus sordidus Forsskål, 1775
synonymseniororiginal
Callyodon sordidus (Forsskål, 1775)
synonymseniornew
! Chlororus sordidus (Forsskål, 1775)
synonymseniornew
Scarus erythrodon Valenciennes, 1840
synonymjuniororiginal
Callyodon erythrodon (Valenciennes, 1840)
synonymjuniornew
Xanothon erythrodon (Valenciennes, 1840)
synonymjuniornew
Scarus variegatus Valenciennes, 1840
synonymjuniororiginal
Scarus nigricans Valenciennes, 1840
synonymjuniororiginal
Scarus purpureus Valenciennes, 1840
ambiguoushomonymoriginal
Scarus sumbawensis Bleeker, 1848
ambiguousquestionableoriginal
Scarus gymnognathos Bleeker, 1853
synonymjuniororiginal
Scarus celebicus Bleeker, 1854
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
Callyodon margaritus (Cartier, 1874)
synonymjuniornew
Scarus margaritus (Cartier, 1874)
synonymjuniornew
Xanothon margaritus (Cartier, 1874)
synonymjuniornew
Pseudoscarus goldiei Macleay, 1883
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
Callyodon cyanogrammus Jordan & Seale, 1906
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
Xanothon bipallidus (Smith, 1956)
synonymjuniornew
Chlorurus japanensis (Bloch, 1789)
acceptedseniornew
Scarus japanensis Bloch, 1789
synonymseniororiginal
Callyodon japanensis (Bloch, 1789)
synonymseniornew
! Chlorurus japonensis (Bloch, 1789)
synonymseniornew
Scarus viridis Bloch, 1790
ambiguousotheroriginal
Scarus blochii Valenciennes, 1840
synonymjuniororiginal
! Callyodon blochi (Valenciennes, 1840)
synonymjuniornew
Callyodon abacurus Jordan & Seale, 1906
synonymjuniororiginal
Callyodon pyrrhurus Jordan & Seale, 1906
synonymjuniororiginal
Chlorurus pyrrhurus (Jordan & Seale, 1906)
synonymjuniornew
Scarus pyrrhurus (Jordan & Seale, 1906)
synonymjuniornew
Scarus capistratoides (non Bleeker, 1847)
misappliedmisappliedoriginal
Xanothon capistratoides (non Bleeker, 1847)
misappliedmisappliednew
Chlorurus enneacanthus (Lacepède, 1802)
acceptedseniornew
Scarus enneacanthus Lacepède, 1802
synonymseniororiginal
Callyodon enneacanthus (Lacepède, 1802)
synonymseniornew
Scarus capitaneus Cuvier, 1829
synonymjuniororiginal
Callyodon capitaneus (Cuvier, 1829)
synonymjuniornew
Xanothon capitaneus (Cuvier, 1829)
synonymjuniornew
Chlorurus cyanescens (Valenciennes, 1840)
acceptedseniornew
Scarus cyanescens Valenciennes, 1840
synonymseniororiginal
! Scarus cyanascens Valenciennes, 1840
synonymseniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
Xanothon chloromelas (Günther, 1867)
synonymjuniornew
Chlorurus frontalis (Valenciennes, 1840)
acceptedseniornew
Scarus frontalis Valenciennes, 1840
synonymseniororiginal
! Chlororus frontalis (Valenciennes, 1840)
synonymseniornew
Chlorurus spilurus (Valenciennes, 1840)
acceptedseniornew
Scarus spilurus Valenciennes, 1840
synonymseniororiginal
Chlorurus sordidus (non Forsskål, 1775)
misappliedmisappliednew
Chlorurus capistratoides (Bleeker, 1847)
acceptedseniornew
Scarus capistratoides Bleeker, 1847
synonymseniororiginal
Xanothon capistratoides (Bleeker, 1847)
synonymseniornew
Chlorurus troschelii (Bleeker, 1853)
acceptedseniornew
Scarus troschelii Bleeker, 1853
synonymseniororiginal
Pseudoscarus troscheli (Bleeker, 1853)
synonymseniornew
ambiguousquestionableoriginal
Scarus rhoduropterus (Bleeker, 1861)
ambiguousquestionablenew
Xanothon rhoduropterus (Bleeker, 1861)
ambiguousquestionablenew
Chlorurus microrhinos (Bleeker, 1854)
acceptedseniornew
Scarus microrhinos Bleeker, 1854
synonymseniororiginal
Callyodon microrhinus (Bleeker, 1854)
synonymseniornew
Pseudoscarus microrhinos (Bleeker, 1854)
synonymseniornew
Callyodon ultramarinus Jordan & Seale, 1906
synonymjuniororiginal
Chlorurus gibbus (non Rüppell, 1829)
misappliedmisappliednew
Scarus gibbus (non Rüppell, 1829)
misappliedmisappliedoriginal
Chlorurus strongylocephalus (non Bleeker, 1855)
misappliedmisappliednew
acceptedseniornew
synonymseniororiginal
synonymseniornew
! Chlorurus strongycephalus (Bleeker, 1855)
synonymseniornew
Scarus gibbus (non Rüppell, 1829)
misappliedmisappliedoriginal
Scarus microrhinos (non Bleeker, 1854)
misappliedmisappliedoriginal
Chlorurus perspicillatus (Steindachner, 1879)
acceptedseniornew
Scarus perspicillatus Steindachner, 1879
synonymseniororiginal
Scarus ahula Jenkins, 1901
synonymjuniororiginal
Chlorurus bowersi (Snyder, 1909)
acceptedseniornew
Callyodon bowersi Snyder, 1909
synonymseniororiginal
Scarus bowersi (Snyder, 1909)
synonymseniornew
Chlorurus oedema (Snyder, 1909)
acceptedseniornew
Callyodon oedema Snyder, 1909
synonymseniororiginal
Scarus oedema (Snyder, 1909)
synonymseniornew
! Chlorurus oedemus (Snyder, 1909)
synonymseniornew
Chlorurus bleekeri (de Beaufort, 1940)
acceptedseniornew
Callyodon bleekeri de Beaufort, 1940
synonymseniororiginal
Scarus bleekeri (de Beaufort, 1940)
synonymseniornew
Pseudoscarus quoyi (non Valenciennes, 1840)
misappliedmisappliedmisapplied
Scarus quoyi (non Valenciennes, 1840)
misappliedmisappliedoriginal
Scarus troschelii (non Bleeker, 1853)
misappliedmisappliedoriginal
Chlorurus atrilunula (Randall & Bruce, 1983)
acceptedseniornew
Scarus atrilunula Randall & Bruce, 1983
synonymseniororiginal
Callyodon capistratoides (non Bleeker, 1847)
misappliedmisappliedmisapplied
Xanothon capistratoides (non Bleeker, 1847)
misappliedmisappliednew
Chlorurus genazonatus (Randall & Bruce, 1983)
acceptedseniornew
Scarus genazonatus Randall & Bruce, 1983
synonymseniororiginal
Chlorurus rhakoura Randall & Anderson, 1997
acceptedseniororiginal
Chlorurus oedema (non Snyder, 1909)
misappliedmisappliednew
Bolbometopon muricatum (Valenciennes, 1840)
acceptedseniornew
Scarus muricatus Valenciennes, 1840
synonymseniororiginal
Bolbometopon muricatus (Valenciennes, 1840)
synonymseniornew
Callyodon muricatus (Valenciennes, 1840)
synonymseniornew
! Bolbomatopon muricatum (Valenciennes, 1840)
synonymseniornew
! Bolbometopon muricantum (Valenciennes, 1840)
synonymseniornew
! Bulbometopon muricatum (Valenciennes, 1840)
synonymseniornew
Cetoscarus bicolor (Rüppell, 1829)
acceptedseniornew
Scarus bicolor Rüppell, 1829
synonymseniororiginal
Bolbometopon bicolor (Rüppell, 1829)
synonymseniornew
Chlorurus bicolor (Rüppell, 1829)
synonymseniornew
! Cetoscarus bicolour (Rüppell, 1829)
synonymseniornew
Scarus pulchellus Rüppell, 1835
synonymjuniororiginal
Callyodon pulchellus (Rüppell, 1835)
synonymjuniornew
Cetoscarus pulchellus (Rüppell, 1835)
synonymjuniornew
Chlorurus pulchellus (Rüppell, 1835)
synonymjuniornew
ambiguousquestionableoriginal
Cetoscarus ocellatus (Valenciennes, 1840)
acceptedseniornew
Scarus ocellatus Valenciennes, 1840
synonymseniororiginal
Bolbometopon bicolor (non Rüppell, 1829)
misappliedmisappliednew
Callyodon pulchellus (non Rüppell, 1829)
misappliedmisappliednew
Cetoscarus bicolor (non Rüppell, 1829)
misappliedmisappliednew
Cetoscarus pulchellus (non Rüppell, 1829)
misappliedmisappliednew
Chlorurus bicolor (non Rüppell, 1829)
misappliedmisappliednew
Scarus bicolor (non Rüppell, 1829)
misappliedmisappliedoriginal
Scarus pulchellus (non Rüppell, 1829)
misappliedmisappliedoriginal
Hipposcarus harid (Fabricius, 1775)
acceptedseniornew
Scarus harid Fabricius, 1775
synonymseniororiginal
Callyodon harid (Fabricius, 1775)
synonymseniornew
Scarus cyanurus Valenciennes, 1840
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
Hipposcarus longiceps (Valenciennes, 1840)
acceptedseniornew
Scarus longiceps Valenciennes, 1840
synonymseniororiginal
Sparisomatinae
Sparisoma cretense (Linnaeus, 1758)
acceptedseniornew
Labrus cretensis Linnaeus, 1758
synonymseniororiginal
Euscarus cretensis (Linnaeus, 1758)
synonymseniornew
Scarus cretensis (Linnaeus, 1758)
synonymseniornew
Sparidosoma cretense (Linnaeus, 1758)
synonymseniornew
Sparisoma cretensis (Linnaeus, 1758)
synonymseniornew
! Scarus cretense (Linnaeus, 1758)
synonymseniornew
Scarus mutabilis Lowe, 1838
synonymjuniororiginal
Scarus canariensis Valenciennes, 1838
synonymjuniororiginal
Scarus rubiginosus Valenciennes, 1840
synonymjuniororiginal
Calliodon rubiginosus (Valenciennes, 1840)
synonymjuniornew
Scarus siculus Cocco, 1846
synonymjuniororiginal
Scarus rubiginoides Guichenot, 1865
synonymjuniororiginal
Sparisoma flavescens (non Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
misappliedmisappliednew
Sparisoma viride (Bonnaterre, 1788)
acceptedseniornew
Scarus viridis Bonnaterre, 1788
synonymseniororiginal
! Sparisoma albigaardi (Bloch, 1791)
ambiguousothernew
Scarus frondosus (non Agassiz, 1831)
misappliedmisappliedoriginal
Sparisoma chrysopterum (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
acceptedseniornew
Scarus chrysopterus Bloch & Schneider, 1801
synonymseniororiginal
! Scarus chrysopoma Bloch & Schneider, 1801
synonymseniororiginal
! Sparisoma chrysopterus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
synonymseniornew
Sparus abildgaardi Bloch, 1791
synonymjuniororiginal
Sparisoma abildgaardi (Bloch, 1791)
synonymjuniornew
Scarus flavescens Bloch & Schneider, 1801
synonymjuniororiginal
Sparisoma flavescens (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
synonymjuniornew
Scarus squalidus Poey, 1860
synonymjuniororiginal
Sparisoma squalidum (Poey, 1860)
synonymjuniornew
synonymjuniororiginal
Sparisoma brachiale (Poey, 1861)
synonymjuniornew
Sparisoma frondosum (Agassiz, 1831)
acceptedseniornew
Scarus frondosus Agassiz, 1831
synonymseniororiginal
Sparisoma chrysopterum (non Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
misappliedmisappliednew
Sparisoma aurofrenatum (Valenciennes, 1840)
acceptedseniornew
Scarus aurofrenatus Valenciennes, 1840
synonymseniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniornew
Sparisoma radians (Valenciennes, 1840)
acceptedseniornew
Scarus radians Valenciennes, 1840
synonymseniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniornew
Sparisoma rubripinne (Valenciennes, 1840)
acceptedseniornew
Scarus rubripinnis Valenciennes, 1840
synonymseniororiginal
! Sparisoma rubripinnis (Valenciennes, 1840)
synonymseniornew
Scarus truncatus Poey, 1868
synonymjuniororiginal
Sparisoma rhomaleum Meek & Hildebrand, 1928
synonymjuniororiginal
Scarus brachyvarius Longley, 1941
ambiguousotheroriginal
synonymjuniororiginal
Sparisoma flavescens (non Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
misappliedmisappliednew
Scarus spinidens (non Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)
misappliedmisappliedoriginal
Sparisoma amplum (Ranzani, 1841)
acceptedseniornew
Scarus amplus Ranzani, 1841
synonymseniororiginal
Sparisoma viride (non Bonnaterre, 1788)
misappliedmisappliednew
Sparisoma abildgaardi (non Bloch, 1791)
misappliedmisappliednew
Sparisoma atomarium (Poey, 1861)
acceptedseniornew
Scarus atomarius Poey, 1861
synonymseniororiginal
Sparisoma strigatum (Günther, 1862)
acceptedseniornew
Scarus strigatus Günther, 1862
synonymseniororiginal
Escarus strigatus (Günther, 1862)
synonymseniornew
Sparisoma strigatus (Günther, 1862)
synonymseniornew
Sparisoma axillare (Steindachner, 1878)
acceptedseniornew
Scarus axillaris Steindachner, 1878
synonymseniororiginal
Scarus spinidens Guichenot, 1865
ambiguoushomonymoriginal
Sparisoma flavescens (non Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
misappliedmisappliednew
Sparisoma rubripinne (non Valenciennes, 1840)
misappliedmisappliednew
Sparisoma distinctum (non Poey, 1861)
misappliedmisappliednew
Sparisoma griseorubrum Cervigón, 1982
acceptedseniororiginal
! Sparisoma griseorubra Cervigón, 1982
synonymseniororiginal
Sparisoma tuiupiranga Gasparini, Joyeux & Floeter, 2003
acceptedseniororiginal
Sparisoma rocha Pinheiro, Gasparini & Sazima, 2010
acceptedseniororiginal
Sparisoma sp. Not applicable
synonymotherother
Sparisoma frondosum (non Agassiz, 1831)
misappliedmisappliednew
Sparisoma choati Rocha, Brito & Robertson, 2012
acceptedseniororiginal
Sparisoma flavescens (non Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
misappliedmisappliednew
Sparisoma rubripinne (non Valenciennes, 1840)
misappliedmisappliednew
Sparisoma rubripinnis (non Valenciennes, 1840)
misappliedmisappliednew
Scarus squalidus (non Poey, 1860)
misappliedmisappliedoriginal
Leptoscarus vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)
acceptedseniornew
Scarus vaigiensis Quoy & Gaimard, 1824
synonymseniororiginal
! Leptoscarus vaigeinsis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)
synonymseniornew
! Leptoscarus vaigensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)
synonymseniornew
! Leptoscarus vaigienis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)
synonymseniornew
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniornew
synonymjuniornew
! Scarus caeruleo-punctatus Rüppell, 1835
synonymjuniororiginal
Scarus naevius Valenciennes, 1840
synonymjuniororiginal
Scarus auritus Valenciennes, 1840
synonymjuniororiginal
Scarichthys auritus (Valenciennes, 1840)
synonymjuniornew
Scarus rubronotatus Valenciennes, 1840
synonymjuniororiginal
Scarus bottae Valenciennes, 1840
synonymjuniororiginal
Calliodon chlorolepis Richardson, 1844
synonymjuniororiginal
! Calliodon chlorolepsis Richardson, 1844
synonymjuniororiginal
acceptedseniororiginal
Calotomus carolinus (Valenciennes, 1840)
acceptedseniornew
Callyodon carolinus Valenciennes, 1840
synonymseniororiginal
! Calatomus carolinus (Valenciennes, 1840)
synonymseniornew
Callyodon sandwicensis Valenciennes, 1840
synonymjuniororiginal
Calotomus sandwicensis (Valenciennes, 1840)
synonymjuniornew
! Calotomus sandvicensis (Valenciennes, 1840)
synonymjuniornew
Callyodon genistriatus Valenciennes, 1840
synonymjuniororiginal
Callyodon brachysoma Bleeker, 1861
synonymjuniororiginal
Leptoscarus brachysoma (Bleeker, 1861)
synonymjuniornew
Calotomus xenodon Gilbert, 1890
synonymjuniororiginal
Calotomus irradians Jenkins, 1901
synonymjuniororiginal
Calotomus snyderi Jenkins, 1903
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniororiginal
Cryptotomus albimarginatus Fourmanoir & Guézé, 1961
synonymjuniororiginal
Calotomus spinidens (non Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)
misappliedmisappliednew
Cryptotomus spinidens (non Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)
misappliedmisappliednew
Leptoscarus vaigiensis (non Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)
misappliedmisappliednew
Calotomus spinidens (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)
acceptedseniornew
Scarus spinidens Quoy & Gaimard, 1824
synonymseniororiginal
Callyodon spinidens (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)
synonymseniornew
Cryptotomus spinidens (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)
synonymseniornew
! Calatomus spinidens (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)
synonymseniornew
! Calotomus spindens (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)
synonymseniornew
! Calotomus spinidence (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)
synonymseniornew
Callyodon waigiensis Valenciennes, 1840
synonymjuniororiginal
Callyodon hypselosoma Bleeker, 1855
synonymjuniororiginal
Callyodon moluccensis Bleeker, 1861
synonymjuniororiginal
Leptoscarus moluccensis (Bleeker, 1861)
synonymjuniornew
Leptoscarus vaigiensis (non Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)
misappliedmisappliednew
Callyodon viridescens (non Rüppell, 1835)
misappliedmisappliednew
Calotomus japonicus (non Valenciennes, 1840)
misappliedmisappliednew
Calotomus viridescens (Rüppell, 1835)
acceptedseniornew
Scarus viridescens Rüppell, 1835
synonymseniororiginal
Callyodon viridescens (Rüppell, 1835)
synonymseniornew
Calotomus spinidens (non Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)
misappliedmisappliednew
Calotomus japonicus (Valenciennes, 1840)
acceptedseniornew
Callyodon japonicus Valenciennes, 1840
synonymseniororiginal
Leptoscarus japonicus (Valenciennes, 1840)
synonymseniornew
Calotomus cyclurus Jenkins, 1903
synonymjuniororiginal
Calotomus zonarchus (Jenkins, 1903)
acceptedseniornew
Scaridea zonarcha Jenkins, 1903
synonymseniororiginal
Calotomus zonarcha (Jenkins, 1903)
synonymseniornew
Scaridea balia Jenkins, 1903
synonymjuniororiginal
Scaridea aerosa Jordan & Snyder, 1907
synonymjuniororiginal
! Scaridae aerosa Jordan & Snyder, 1907
synonymjuniororiginal
Scaridea farrandi Jordan, 1925
synonymjuniororiginal
Nicholsina usta (Valenciennes, 1840)
acceptedseniornew
Callyodon ustus Valenciennes, 1840
synonymseniororiginal
Nicholsina usta usta (Valenciennes, 1840)
synonymseniornew
Scarus dentiens Poey, 1861
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniornew
synonymjuniororiginal
synonymjuniornew
Cryptotomus beryllinus Jordan & Swain, 1884
synonymjuniororiginal
Cryptotomus roseus (non Cope, 1871)
misappliedmisappliedoriginal
Nicholsina denticulata (Evermann & Radcliffe, 1917)
acceptedseniornew
Xenoscarus denticulatus Evermann & Radcliffe, 1917
synonymseniororiginal
Xenoscarus hubbsi Harry, 1950
synonymjuniororiginal
Nicholsina collettei Schultz, 1968
acceptedseniorchange in rank
synonymseniororiginal
synonymseniororiginal
Nicholsina usta (non Valenciennes, 1840)
misappliedmisappliednew
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