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Teleostei (teleosts) > Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) > Achiridae (American soles)
Etymology: Gymnachirus: Greek, gymnos = naked + Greek, cheir = hand (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Kaup.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Marine; demersal; depth range 37 - 100 m (Ref. 5217). Tropical

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Western Atlantic: Mexico to Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 17.5 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 83872); common length : 12.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 5217)

Short description Identification keys | Morphology | Morphometrics

Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 61 - 69; Anal spines: 0; Anal soft rays: 44 - 50. Pectorals reduced to 1 or 2 rudimentary rays (Ref. 36453).

Found on soft bottoms. Minimum depth from Ref. 26912.

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reproduction | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator : Ramos, Robson T.C. | Collaborators

Cervigón, F., R. Cipriani, W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, M. Hendrickx, A.J. Lemus, R. Márquez, J.M. Poutiers, G. Robaina and B. Rodriguez, 1992. Fichas FAO de identificación de especies para los fines de la pesca. Guía de campo de las especies comerciales marinas y de aquas salobres de la costa septentrional de Sur América. FAO, Rome. 513 p. Preparado con el financiamento de la Comisión de Comunidades Europeas y de NORAD. (Ref. 5217)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 24 August 2012

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

More information

Trophic ecology
Food items
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
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Predators

Ecology
Ecology

Population dynamics
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Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
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Life cycle
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Maturities
Fecundities
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Egg(s)
Egg developments
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Distribution
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Anatomy
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Brains
Otoliths

Physiology
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Oxygen consumptions
Swimming type
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Visual pigment(s)
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Genetics
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Human related
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Stamps, coins, misc.

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Summary page | Point data | Common names | Photos

Internet sources

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 19.9 - 27.3, mean 24.7 °C (based on 94 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00977 (0.00536 - 0.01781), b=3.18 (3.02 - 3.34), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 3.3 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives

Resilience (Ref. 120179): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).

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