分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水 底中水層性. 熱帶
Asia: Chao Phraya and Mekong basins, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, and Borneo (Ref. 27732). Reported from Myanmar (Ref. 7050), Salween and Maeklong rivers (Ref. 26336).
亞洲: 湄南河與湄公河流域，馬來半島，蘇門答臘，爪哇與婆羅洲.(參考文獻 27732) 記錄來自緬甸 (參考文獻 7050) ，薩爾溫江與 Maeklong 河了。 (參考文獻 26336)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 67.8, range 61 - 74.9 cm
Max length : 100.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 30857)
背棘 (總數) : 4; 背的軟條 (總數) : 8; 臀棘: 3; 臀鰭軟條: 5; 脊椎骨: 39 - 41. Has a long more or less square, median lobe on the lower lip reaching an imaginary line between the corners of the mouth (in specimens > about 7 cm SL); upper lip rolled backwards and upwards and with a median lobe projecting upwards; no dark longitudinal stripe along the side in adults; fins blackish in large adults, yellow in juveniles, and usually 4+1/2 scales between the lateral line and the dorsal-fin origin (Ref. 27732); has 9 branched dorsal-fin rays (Ref. 12693); eyes visible in ventral view; body deep and compressed; isthmus with small distinct scales, about 16 scales between isthmus and origin of pelvic fin; gill rakers 20; supero-posterior margin of dorsal fin deeply concave; pelvic fin tip pointed, posterior margin obviously concave; tip of anal fin pointed, extending to the base of caudal fin (Ref. 13848). Also Ref. 35913.
在達到在嘴巴的角落之間的一條想像的線的下面的唇上有一個長的約略方形又中央的葉;(在標本中 > 大約 7 公分 SL) 上嘴唇向後且向上捲而且具有一個中央的葉突出的向上; 沒有深色的縱向斑紋沿著側邊當成魚時; 鰭黑色的在大的成魚中, 在稚魚中的黃色, 與通常 4+ 在側線與背鰭起源之間的 1/2個鱗片;(參考文獻 27732) 有 9個分枝的背鰭鰭條。 (參考文獻 12693)
Adults inhabit pools and runs over gravel and cobble in rivers flowing through undisturbed forests (Ref. 12693). Juveniles were most commonly collected in or near rapids (Ref. 27732). Found in small rivers and streams during the dry season. Move downstream at the onset of the rainy season, but generally avoid turbid waters. Mature individuals migrate upstream after two months and spawn in July near the mouths of small streams that the young subsequently ascend. Omnivorous, feeding on both animal and vegetable matter, at times consuming toxic fruits in flooded forests, making them temporarily inedible.
在流經未受到干擾的森林的河中成魚棲息於在礫石與圓石上的水潭與急流。 (參考文獻 12693) 稚魚通常最在急流裡或附近被收集。 (參考文獻 27732) 在乾季的時候發現於小的河川與溪流.。 移動下游在雨季的開始, 但是通常避開混濁的水域。 成熟的個體向上游移動在二個月之後而且產卵於七月中幼魚後來上溯到的小溪流的河口附近。 雜食性, 吃動物和植物, 偶而在被水淹沒的森林中消耗有毒的果實,使他們暫時不適於食用。
亞洲: 湄南河與湄公河流域，馬來半島，蘇門答臘，爪哇與婆羅洲.(參考文獻 27732) 記錄來自緬甸 (參考文獻 7050) ，薩爾溫江與 Maeklong 河了。 (參考文獻 26336)
Kottelat, M., 2001. Fishes of Laos. WHT Publications Ltd., Colombo 5, Sri Lanka. 198 p. (Ref. 43281)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 養殖: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00933 (0.00422 - 0.02065), b=3.01 (2.82 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 2.0 ±0.00 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (Assuming tm>4; Fec=11,150).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (73 of 100).
