Environment: milieu / Klimaatzone / Diepte / distribution range
Ecologie
marien demersaal; diepte 20 - 400 m (Ref. 35388). Subtropical; 60°N - 15°N, 18°W - 36°E
Northeast Atlantic: British Isles south to Senegal (baie du Lévrier) and the Mediterranean.
Lengte bij maturiteit / Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturiteit: Lm ?, range 14 - ? cm
Max length : 35.0 cm SL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 35388); common length : 14.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 3397); max. gerapporteerde leeftijd: 14 Jaren (Ref. 32766)
Dorsale stekels (totaal) : 0; Dorsale zachte stralen (totaal) : 0. Upper eye less than its own diameter from dorsal profile of head. Anterior nostril on blind side not enlarged, its distance from front margin of head about twice in its distance from cleft of mouth. Anterior nostril on eyed side with backward-pointing tube reaching to front border of lower eye. Pectoral fin on eyed-side small, on blind side reduced.
Body shape (shape guide): short and / or deep; Cross section: compressed.
Inhabits mud or sand bottoms. Feeds on a wide range of small bottom-living organisms, mainly crustaceans (amphipods, shrimps), also polychaete worms and bivalve mollusks (Ref. 4710). Utilized as a food fish.
Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott, 1991. World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
Gevaar voor de mens
Harmless
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: commercieel
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 7 - 16, mean 10.3 °C (based on 434 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00813 (0.00654 - 0.01011), b=3.05 (3.01 - 3.09), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.45 se; based on food items.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref.
120179): Gemiddeld, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 1,4-4,4 jaar (K=0.37; tm=3; tmax=14).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100).
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Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Low vulnerability (9 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 109 [39, 241] mg/100g; Iron = 1.02 [0.44, 2.16] mg/100g; Protein = 18.3 [16.5, 20.1] %; Omega3 = 0.199 [0.104, 0.365] g/100g; Selenium = 37.1 [18.3, 80.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 8.2 [2.1, 30.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.664 [0.428, 0.992] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
