Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Freshwater; benthopelagic. Temperate; 41°N - 36°N
North America: Sacramento-San Joaquin, Pajaro and Salinas River drainages in California, USA. Widely introduced elsewhere in western USA.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 73.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 5723); common length : 30.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 12193); max. published weight: 1.4 kg (Ref. 40637); max. reported age: 9 years (Ref. 72491)
Short description
Identification keys | Morphology | Morphometrics
Adults occur in vegetated sloughs, pools of sluggish rivers and lakes; now most common in ponds and impoundments (Ref. 5723).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Male guarding lasts from 0-3 days (Ref. 93240). Also Ref. 101194.
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p. (Ref. 5723)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Gamefish: yes
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