Sander lucioperca (Linnaeus, 1758)
Pike-perch
muatnaik fotos/gambar dan video
Gambar | video | Suara-suara | Perangko, koin, dll. | imej Google
Sander lucioperca
foto/gambar oleh Zienert, S.
Gambar | video | Suara-suara | Perangko, koin, dll. | imej Google
foto/gambar oleh Zienert, S.
klasifikasi / Nama Nama-nama umum | Sinonim (persamaan) | Catalog of Fishes(Marga, Jenis) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Lingkungan: lingkungan / zona iklim / kisaran kedalaman / jangkauan distribusi Ekologi
; air tawar; payau pelagis, permukaan; potamodromous (Ref. 126106); kisaran kedalaman 2 - 30 m (Ref. 30578), usually 2 - 3 m (Ref. 27368). Temperate; 6°C - 22°C (Ref. 2059); 67°N - 36°N, 1°W - 75°E
Penyebaran Wilayah | Daerah-daerah FAO | Ekosistem | Kemunculan | peta titik | Introduksi | Faunafri
Europe and Asia: Caspian, Baltic, Black and Aral Sea basins; Elbe (North Sea basin) and Maritza (Aegean basin) drainages. North to about 65° N in Finland. Introduced widely (Ref. 59043). Several countries report adverse ecological impact after introduction (Ref. 1739).
Panjang pada saat jatuh tempo pertama / Ukuran / Berat / umur
Kematangan: Lm 37.2, range 28 - 46 cm
Max length : 100.0 cm SL jantan/; (Ref. 59043); common length : 50.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 556); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 20.0 kg (Ref. 40476); Umur maksimum dilaporkan: 17 Tahun (Ref. 59043)
Max length : 100.0 cm SL jantan/; (Ref. 59043); common length : 50.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 556); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 20.0 kg (Ref. 40476); Umur maksimum dilaporkan: 17 Tahun (Ref. 59043)
deskripsi pendek Kunci identifiaksi (pengenalan) | Morfologi | Morfometrik
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 13 - 20; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 18 - 24; Duri dubur: 2 - 3; Sirip dubur lunak: 10 - 14; vertebrata, bertulang belakang: 45 - 47. Distinguished from congeners in Europe by the following combination of characters: 1-2 enlarged canine teeth in anterior part of each jaw; second dorsal fin with 18-22½ branched rays; and 80-97 scales on lateral line (Ref. 59043).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Adults inhabit large, turbid rivers and eutrophic lakes, brackish coastal lakes and estuaries. They feed mainly on gregarious, pelagic fishes. They attain first sexual maturity at 3-10 years of age, usually at 4. Undertake short spawning migrations. Individuals foraging in brackish water move to freshwater habitats. Migrations up to 250 km have been recorded. Homing is well developed, even nearby populations may be relatively isolated. Spawn in pairs at dawn or night. Spawning occurs in April-May, exceptional from late February until July, depending on latitude and altitude when temperatures reach 10-14° C on spawning grounds (Ref. 59043). Popularly fished by sport fishers. Its flesh is succulent (Ref. 30578). Utilized fresh or frozen and eaten steamed, broiled and microwaved (Ref. 9988). An individual weighing 19 kg was reportedly caught in 1959 in Starnberger, Bavaria, Germany (Peter Admicka, pers. Comm. E-mail: peter.adamicka@oeaw.ac.at).
Siklus hidup dan perilaku kawin Kematangan | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Pemijahan | telur-telur | Fekunditas | Larva
The spawning places are over gravel in moving water (Ref. 205). "Males are territorial and excavate shallow depressions about 50 cm in diameter and 5-10 cm deep in sand or gravel, or among exposed plant roots on which eggs are deposited, usually in turbid water and at 1-3 m depth. Spawn in pairs, at dawn or night. The female remains over the nest while the male circles rapidly around, at about 1 meter from the nest. Then male takes a vertical orientation and both swim around swiftly, and eggs and sperm are released, The female leaves the nest after all eggs are released. The male defends the nest and fans the eggs with his pectorals. Females spawn once a year, laying all the eggs at one time (Ref. 88075). Feeding larvae are positively phototactic and feed on pelagic organisms after they leave the nest for open water" (Ref. 59043).
rujukan utama
Unggah referensi Anda | Acuan | Koordinator | mitra
Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof, 2007. Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
kurang bimbang (LC) ; Date assessed: 27 May 2022
CITES
Not Evaluated
ancaman kepada manusia
Potential pest (Ref. 57271)
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: komersial; Budidaya air: komersial; Ikan buruan: ya; Akuarium: Akuarium publik
FAO - Sistem akuakultur: produksi, profail spesis; Perikanan: pendaratan, profail spesis; Publication: search | FishSource | Laut di Sekitar Kita
informasi lanjut
Dinamika populasi
Parameter pertumbuhan
Maks. usia / ukuran
Panjang-berat rel.
Panjang-panjang rel.
ukuran frekuensi
Konversi massa
pemulihan
Kelimpahan
Parameter pertumbuhan
Maks. usia / ukuran
Panjang-berat rel.
Panjang-panjang rel.
ukuran frekuensi
Konversi massa
pemulihan
Kelimpahan
Siklus hidup
Reproduksi, perkembang biakan
Kematangan
Kedewasaan / insang rel.
Fekunditas
Pemijahan
Agregasi pemijahan
telur-telur
pekembangan telor
Larva
Dinamika larva
Reproduksi, perkembang biakan
Kematangan
Kedewasaan / insang rel.
Fekunditas
Pemijahan
Agregasi pemijahan
telur-telur
pekembangan telor
Larva
Dinamika larva
Fisiologi
Komposisi tubuh
Nutrisi
Konsumsi oksigen
Jenis renang
Kecepatan berenang
Pigmen visual
Suara ikan
Penyakit & Parasit
Toksisitas (LC50)
Komposisi tubuh
Nutrisi
Konsumsi oksigen
Jenis renang
Kecepatan berenang
Pigmen visual
Suara ikan
Penyakit & Parasit
Toksisitas (LC50)
Yang berhubungan dengan manusia
Sistem akuakultur
profil budidaya air
Strain
Kasus Ciguatera
Perangko, koin, dll.
Sistem akuakultur
profil budidaya air
Strain
Kasus Ciguatera
Perangko, koin, dll.
Alat, peralatan
Kuis organik | E-book | Penuntun lapangan | Kunci identifiaksi (pengenalan) | tanda freqkuenci panjang | peringkat sejarah hidup | peta titik |
Tangkap-MSY |
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
AFORO (otoliths) | Alien/Invasive Species database | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | semak peneliti ikan | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: Marga, Jenis | DiscoverLife | DORIS | ECOTOX | FAO - Sistem akuakultur: produksi, profail spesis; Perikanan: pendaratan, profail spesis; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | Pangkalan data nasional | OneZoom | Open Tree of Life | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | Akuarium publik | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | TreeBase | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: pergi, Cari | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Catatan Zoologi
Estimasi berdasarkan model
Indeks keanekaragaman filogenetik (Acuan 82804): PD50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00589 (0.00494 - 0.00702), b=3.12 (3.07 - 3.17), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Tingkat Trofik (Acuan 69278): 4.0 ±0.78 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 8.2 (5.8 - 12.2) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 19 growth studies.
Daya lenting (Acuan 120179): Rendah, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 4.5 - 14 tahun (K=0.10-0.24; tmax=16; Fecundity=10,000).
Nutrisi (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 50.9 [29.3, 80.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.262 [0.132, 0.524] mg/100g; Protein = 18.8 [17.9, 19.6] %; Omega3 = 0.496 [0.193, 0.969] g/100g; Selenium = 2.25 [0.74, 7.60] μg/100g; VitaminA = 17 [6, 52] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.729 [0.551, 0.986] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.