Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; demersal; depth range 40 - 385 m. Subtropical; 37°N - 18°N
Western Atlantic: North Carolina to Florida Keys in USA and throughout the Gulf of Mexico.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 28.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 7251)
Inhabits offshore waters. Cleithral spine with venom gland (Ref. 57406).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2)
Human uses
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