Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; brackish; demersal; oceanodromous (Ref. 51243). Subtropical
Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea, South Africa, Australia. Introduced (Lessepsian) in eastern Mediterranean, Israel, Lebanon, Iskenderun, Mersin, Aegean Sea.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 37.4 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 96317); 43.1 cm TL (female); common length : 25.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 5450); max. published weight: 1.1 kg (Ref. 127374)
Essentially an inhabitant of marine waters, but enters the mouths of rivers (Ref. 4833). Analysis of L. spadiceus showed that its tetrodotoxin levels were below the limit of quantification in tissues like the liver, muscle, and skin, indicating that the species is not poisonous (Ref. 137809).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Tortonese, E., 1979. Tetraodontidae. p. 645-646. In J.C. Hureau and Th. Monod (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and of the Mediterranean (CLOFNAM). UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 2730)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2)
Human uses
Fisheries: of no interest
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