Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; demersal; depth range 1 - 100 m (Ref. 2683). Subtropical; 45°N - 18°S, 19°W - 36°E
Eastern Atlantic: Portugal to Angola. Also known from the Mediterranean.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 45.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 6790); common length : 30.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 4675)
Inhabit shallow waters to about 100 m depth, burrowing in the bottom. Feed on small fishes and crustaceans (Ref. 3697). Anterolateral glandular grooves and opercular spine with venom gland (Ref. 57406). Oviparous, eggs and larvae are pelagic (Ref. 4675).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Roux, C., 1990. Trachinidae. p. 893-895. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 6790)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2)
Human uses
Fisheries: minor commercial
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