Teleostei (teleosts) >
Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) >
Cynoglossidae (Tonguefishes) > Symphurinae
Etymology: Symphurus: Greek, syn, symphysis = grown together + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Gilbert.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; brackish; demersal; depth range 1 - 50 m (Ref. 9294), usually 1 - 25 m (Ref. 9294). Tropical; 32°N - 7°N
Eastern Central Pacific: Bahía Magdalena, Mexico and the Gulf of California to Panama.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 24.5 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 91172); common length : 15.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 9294)
Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 90 - 97; Anal spines: 0; Anal soft rays: 75 - 80; Vertebrae: 48 - 52. Body flat and somewhat elongated, with a rounded anterior border; both eyes on the left side; dorsal fin with 90 to 97 rays; anal fin with 75 to 80 rays; caudal fin with 10 rays; body light to dark brown, usually with 5 to 7 dark transverse bars and sometimes with small, scattered blotches on the eyed side; caudal fin with a very dark stain (Ref. 55763).
Found on sandy bottoms (Ref. 37955). May be found in estuaries (Ref. 37955).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reproduction | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae
Munroe, T.A., F. Krupp and M. Schneider, 1995. Cynoglossidae. Lenguas, lenguetas. p. 1039-1059. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9294)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: of no interest
Tools
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Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 20.6 - 28.6, mean 24.7 °C (based on 56 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00457 (0.00276 - 0.00758), b=3.15 (3.00 - 3.30), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resilience (Ref.
120179): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (15 of 100).