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Teleostei (teleosts) > Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) > Cynoglossidae (Tonguefishes) > Symphurinae
Etymology: Symphurus: Greek, syn, symphysis = grown together + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Evermann & Kendall.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Marine; demersal; depth range 10 - 190 m (Ref. 26268), usually 10 - 60 m (Ref. 26268). Temperate; 20°S - 45°S, 63°W - 39°W (Ref. 26268)

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Southwest Atlantic: southeastern Brazil to about El Rincon, central Argentina.

Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 31.9 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 26268)

Short description Identification keys | Morphology | Morphometrics

Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 108 - 114; Anal spines: 0; Anal soft rays: 92 - 97. No lateral line on ocular side. Light brownish on ocular side, with 9 to 10 indistinct dark bands; posterior parts of dorsal and fin membranes blackish; no black blotch on dorsal and anal fins and opercle (Ref. 27363).

Occurs in coastal areas (Ref. 36453). Mainly feeds on polychaetes; also on other benthic preys such as gammaridean amphipods, cumaceans, and mysids. A "smell and touch" kind of predator, little is known regarding its ecology (Ref. 26268).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reproduction | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Munroe, T.A., 1998. Systematics and ecology of tonguefishes of the genus Symphurus (Cynoglossidae: Pleuronectiformes) from the western Atlantic Ocean. Fish. Bull. 96(1):1-182. (Ref. 26268)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 29 October 2020

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 11.3 - 21.1, mean 15.6 °C (based on 224 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00363 (0.00220 - 0.00599), b=3.24 (3.09 - 3.39), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 3.3 ±0.43 se; based on food items.

Resilience (Ref. 120179): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (29 of 100).

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