Environment: milieu / climate zone / distribuzione batimetrica / distribution range					
						Ecologia					
				
				
				
					marino benthopelagico;  distribuzione batimetrica 20 - 400 m (Ref. 6637). Temperate				
				 
			
			
			
				
				
				
					Indo-West Pacific:  Mozambique and South Africa (Ref. 6637), Japan and the East China Sea.  Southeast Atlantic:  Cape, South Africa (Ref. 6637).
				
				 
			
			
				
					Size / Peso / Age
				
				
				
					Maturità: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
 Max length : 150 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 559); peso massimo pubblicato: 16.1 kg (Ref. 40637)				
				 
			
			
						
				
					Short description					
					Chiavi di identificazione | Morfologia | Morfometria					
				
				
				
					Spine dorsali (totale) : 9 - 10; Raggi dorsali molli (totale) : 13 - 14; Spine anali: 3; Raggi anali molli: 12 - 13. Adults black in color; juveniles dusky silver.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.				
				 
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
				Adults found in deep rocky areas; young found in shallow water.  The diet consists of fishes, crustaceans and squids.  Spawns from October to March.			
			
			
			
			
				
					Life cycle and mating behavior					
					Maturità | Riproduzione | Deposizione | Uova | Fecundity | Larve				
				
				
				
								
				
			
			 
				
				
				
					Heemstra, P.C., 1986. Scombropidae. p. 563. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 6637)
				
				 
			
			
			
							
					
						IUCN Red List Status   (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
					
					
				 
					
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
				
					Threat to humans  
				
				
				
					  Harmless				
				
			 
			
			
			
			
				
					Human uses  				
				
				
					Pesca: bycatch				
				
				
			
			
						
			
			
			
				
Strumenti
				
			
			
			
				
Special reports
 
				
			
			
			
				
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					Estimates based on models				
				
				
				Preferred temperature (Fonte Biblio. 
123201): 10.4 - 22.6, mean 18.2 °C (based on 218 cells).
				
				
					
					Phylogenetic diversity index  (Fonte Biblio. 
82804):  PD
50 = 0.7500   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].					
													Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01072 (0.00417 - 0.02752), b=3.01 (2.79 - 3.23), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 
93245).
					
					Trophic level  (Fonte Biblio. 
69278):  4.2   ±0.63 se; based on food items.					
						 Generation time: 9.1 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
 growth studies.					
						Resilienza  (Fonte Biblio. 
120179):  Basso, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione 4.5 - 14 anni (K=0.12).					
											
				
									
					Fishing Vulnerability  (Ref. 
59153):  High to very high vulnerability (68 of 100). 
🛈					
						Nutrients  (Ref. 
124155):  Calcium = 11.6 [7.8, 19.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.237 [0.154, 0.367] mg/100g; Protein = 18.2 [17.4, 19.0] %; Omega3 = 0.577 [0.350, 0.946] g/100g; Selenium = 24 [13, 44] μg/100g; VitaminA = 18.1 [6.4, 54.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.353 [0.275, 0.474] mg/100g (wet weight);