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	<dc:identifier>FB-11202</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=11202</dc:source>
	<dwc:Kingdom>Animalia</dwc:Kingdom>
	<dwc:Phylum>Chordata</dwc:Phylum>
	<dwc:Class>Teleostei</dwc:Class>
	<dwc:Order>Characiformes</dwc:Order>
	<dwc:Family>Distichodontidae</dwc:Family>
	<dwc:Genus>Distichodus</dwc:Genus>
	<dwc:ScientificName>Distichodus rufigiensis Norman, 1922</dwc:ScientificName>
	<commonName xml:lang='af'>Chessa</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Chessa</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Schenga</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='et'>Latik-hammassalmler</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Chenga</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Nchenka</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>舒氏复齿脂鲤</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>舒氏複齒脂鯉</commonName>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Distichodus shenga Peters, 1852</synonym>
	<dcterms:created>1994-06-21</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2023-12-08</dcterms:modified>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=3126&amp;speccode=11203'>Balon, E.K.0 Fishes of Lake Kariba, Africa. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. (Ref. 3126)</reference>
	<reference isbn='0-913235-53-9' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4537&amp;speccode=11203'>Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537)</reference>
	<reference isbn='0-908379-145.' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=5214&amp;speccode=11203'>Bruton, M.N., P.B.N. Jackson and P.H. Skelton0 Pocket guide to the freshwater fishes of southern Africa. Cape Town (South Africa): Centaur Publishers, p.88. (Ref. 5214)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=5330&amp;speccode=11203'>Torres, F.S.B. Jr.0 Length-weight relationships of Lake Kariba fishes. Naga, ICLARM Q. 15(4):42-43. (Ref. 5330)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=7094&amp;speccode=11203'>Daget, J. and J.-P. Gosse0 Distichodontidae. p. 184-211. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ORSTOM, Paris and MRAC, Tervuren. Vol. 1. (Ref. 7094)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=7248&amp;speccode=11203'>Skelton, P.H.0 A complete guide to the freshwater fishes of southern Africa. Southern Book Publishers. 388 p. (Ref. 7248)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=12818&amp;speccode=11203'>Anonymous0 Fish registrations within the museum database of the Vertebrate Section of the Royal Museum for Central Africa. MRAC, Tervuren, Belgium. (Ref. 12818)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=13332&amp;speccode=11203'>Skelton, P.H.0 Diversity and distribution of freshwater fishes in East and Southern Africa. p.95-131. In G.G. Teugels, J.F. Guégan and J.J. Albaret (eds.) Biological diversity of African fresh-and brackish water fishes. Geographical overviews presented at the PARADI Symposium, Senegal, 15-20 November 1993. Ann. Mus. R. Afr. Centr. Zool. 275. (Ref. 13332)</reference>
	<reference isbn='0-7974-0831-4' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=13337&amp;speccode=11203'>Bell-Cross, G. and J.L. Minshull0 The fishes of Zimbabwe. National Museums and Monuments of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe. 294 p. (Ref. 13337)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=27602&amp;speccode=11203'>Losse, G.F.0 lake Kariba and the Gwembe Valley. p. 22-31. In G.F.Losse. The small-scale fishery on Lake Kariba in Zambia. Deutsche Gessellscahft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH, Eschborn, Germany, 293 p. (Ref. 27602)</reference>
	<reference isbn='957-8596-59-6' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31517&amp;speccode=11203'>Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31982&amp;speccode=11203'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=33486&amp;speccode=11203'>Nsiku, E.0 Changes in the fisheries of Lake Malawi, 1976-1996: ecosystem-based analysis. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. 217 p. M.Sc. thesis. (Ref. 33486)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=36653&amp;speccode=11203'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Zimbabwe. National Museum of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box 240, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. (Ref. 36653)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=36670&amp;speccode=11203'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. (Ref. 36670)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=38732&amp;speccode=11203'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=41414&amp;speccode=11203'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West , NY 10024-5192, USA. (Ref. 41414)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=47438&amp;speccode=11203'>Anonymous0 Fish collection of the Royal Ontario Museum. Royal Ontario Museum. (Ref. 47438)</reference>
	<reference isbn='1-86872-643-6' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=52193&amp;speccode=11203'>Skelton, P.H.0 A complete guide to the freshwater fishes of southern Africa. Cape Town (South Africa): Struik Publishers, 395 p. (Ref. 52193)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=56439&amp;speccode=11203'>Balon, E.K.0 Possible fish stock size assessment and available production survey as developed on Lake Kariba. Afr. J. Trop. Hydrobiol. Fish. 2:45-73. (Ref. 56439)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=56631&amp;speccode=11203'>Machacek, H. (ed.)0 World Records Freshwater Fishing. www.fishing-worldrecords.com, 12 February 2006. (Ref. 56631)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=58108&amp;speccode=11203'>Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=58363&amp;speccode=11203'>Sanyanga, R.A., C. Machena and N. Kautsky0 Abundance and distribution of inshore fish in fished and protected areas in Lake Kariba, Zimbabwe. Hydrobiologia 306:67-78. (Ref. 58363)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=105471&amp;speccode=11203'>eElurikkus0 eElurikkus koondab ühte portaali Eesti eluslooduse andmed. http://elurikkus.ut.ee/ (Ref. 105471)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=122090&amp;speccode=11203'>Abwe, E., J. Snoeks, A. Chocha Manda and E. Vreven0 &lt;i&gt;Distichodus polli&lt;/i&gt;, a new distichodontid species (Teleostei: Characiformes) from the southern Congo basin. Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwat. 29(1):79-96. (Ref. 122090)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=137577&amp;speccode=11203'>Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577)</reference><dataObject>
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	<dcterms:created>1994-06-21 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-06-05 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Biology</dc:title>
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	<dc:description>Favors large rivers, shoaling over both rock and sand; omnivorous, preferring algae and plant matter to snails, shrimps, and small fish; breeds in summer during the rainy period, moving upstream to suitable spawning sites (Ref. 7248, 52193).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=7094&amp;speccode=11203'>Daget, J. and J.-P. Gosse 1984 Distichodontidae. p. 184-211. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ORSTOM, Paris and MRAC, Tervuren. Vol. 1. (Ref. 7094)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Diagnosis: snout short; mouth inferior; head about 5 times in fork length; juveniles with 12-16 dark vertical bars (Ref. 52193).Description: scales ctenoid; adipose and caudal fins covered by scales; lateral line straight; body deep, compressed, nape rising steeply, with straight or convex profile; head small, pointed; mouth inferior, with 2 rows of bicuspid teeth; dorsal fin with 4 unbranched and 19-23 branched rays; anal fin with 4 unbranched and 10-12 branched rays (Ref. 52193).Coloration: adults silvery olive with sooty dorsal, anal and caudal fins; pectorals and pelvics yellowish; juveniles silvery, with 12—16 dark vertical bars (usually obscure) and a prominent dark spot at the base of the caudal fin (Ref. 52193).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='1-86872-643-6' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=52193&amp;speccode=11203'>Skelton, P.H. 2001 A complete guide to the freshwater fishes of southern Africa. Cape Town (South Africa): Struik Publishers, 395 p. (Ref. 52193)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Dorsal spines (total): 0;  Analspines: 0</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='1-86872-643-6' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=52193&amp;speccode=11203'>Skelton, P.H. 2001 A complete guide to the freshwater fishes of southern Africa. Cape Town (South Africa): Struik Publishers, 395 p. (Ref. 52193)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Africa:  middle and lower Zambezi drainages, Pungwe and Buzi rivers in Mozambique (Ref. 52193, 122090).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=7248&amp;speccode=11203'>Skelton, P.H. 1993 A complete guide to the freshwater fishes of southern Africa. Southern Book Publishers. 388 p. (Ref. 7248)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>fisheries: minor commercial; gamefish: yes</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=3126&amp;speccode=11203'>Balon, E.K. 1974 Fishes of Lake Kariba, Africa. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. (Ref. 3126)</reference>
	<reference isbn='1-86872-643-6' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=52193&amp;speccode=11203'>Skelton, P.H. 2001 A complete guide to the freshwater fishes of southern Africa. Cape Town (South Africa): Struik Publishers, 395 p. (Ref. 52193)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>50.0 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 52193)); max. published weight: 6,350 g (Ref. 52193)</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='1-86872-643-6' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=52193&amp;speccode=11203'>Skelton, P.H. 2001 A complete guide to the freshwater fishes of southern Africa. Cape Town (South Africa): Struik Publishers, 395 p. (Ref. 52193)</reference>
	<reference isbn='1-86872-643-6' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=52193&amp;speccode=11203'>Skelton, P.H. 2001 A complete guide to the freshwater fishes of southern Africa. Cape Town (South Africa): Struik Publishers, 395 p. (Ref. 52193)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073'>IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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