FB-1414 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1414 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Cichliformes Cichlidae Sarotherodon Sarotherodon occidentalis (Daget, 1962) Weißfleckmaulbrüter Blue spotted tilapia Valkotäplätilapia Ngege Opat Perege Sato Satu Icyimanye cy'inyarufunzo n'inyamugera Kinyamuroro Odede 白斑孵非鯽 白斑孵非鲫 Oreochromis leucostrictus (Trewavas, 1933) Sarotherodon leucosticta (Trewavas, 1933) Sarotherodon leucostictum (Trewavas, 1933) Sarotherodon leucostictus (Trewavas, 1933) Tilapia leucostica Trewavas, 1933 Tilapia leucosticta Trewavas, 1933 Tilapia nilotica (non Linnaeus, 1758) Tilapia trewavasae Poll, 1939 1990-10-17 2024-04-01 Trewavas, E.0 Tilapias: taxonomy and speciation. p. 3-13. In R.S.V. Pullin and R.H. Lowe-McConnell (eds.) The biology and culture of tilapias. ICLARM Conf. Proc. 7. (Ref. 1) Trewavas, E.0 Tilapiine fishes of the genera <i>Sarotherodon</i>, <i>Oreochromis</i> and <i>Danakilia</i>. British Mus. Nat. Hist., London, UK. 583 p. (Ref. 2) Wohlfarth, G.W. and G. Hulata0 Applied genetics of tilapias. ICLARM Stud. Rev. 6 (2nd edition), 26 p. (Ref. 21) Guerrero, R.D. III0 Control of tilapia reproduction. p. 309-316. In R.S.V. Pullin and R.H. Lowe-McConnell (eds.) The biology and culture of tilapias. ICLARM Conf. Proc. 7. 432 p. (Ref. 84) Lowe-McConnell, R.H.0 Tilapias in fish communities. p. 83-113. In R.S.V. Pullin and R. H. Lowe-McConnell (eds.) The biology and culture of tilapias. ICLARM Conf. Proc. 7. 432 p. (Ref. 87) Moreau, J., C. Bambino and D. Pauly0 Indices of overall growth performance of 100 tilapia (Cichlidae) populations. p. 201-206. In J.L. Maclean, L.B. Dizon and L.V. Hosillos (eds.) The First Asian Fisheries Forum. 727 p. Asian Fisheries Society, Manila, Philippines. (Ref. 115) Noakes, D.G.L. and E.K. Balon0 Life histories of tilapias: an evolutionary perspective. p. 61-82. In R.S.V. Pullin and R.H. Lowe-McConnell (eds.) The biology and culture of tilapias. ICLARM Conf. Proc. 7. (Ref. 164) Garrod, D.J.0 The rational exploitation of the <i>Tilapia esculenta</i> stock in the North Buvuma Island area, Lake Victoria. East. Afr. Agric. For. J. 27(2):69-76. (Ref. 362) Fryer, G. and T.D. Iles0 The cichlid fishes of the Great Lakes of Africa: their biology and evolution. Oliver and Boyd, Edinburg, U.K. (Ref. 364) Garrod, D.J.0 The growth of <i>Tilapia esculenta</i> Graham in Lake Victoria. Hydrobiologia 12(4):268-298. (Ref. 787) Welcomme, R.L.0 International introductions of inland aquatic species. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. 294. 318 p. (Ref. 1739) Moreau, J., J. Arrignon and R.A. Jubb0 Les introductions d'espèces étrangères dans les eaux continentales africaines. Intérêt et limites. p. 395-425. In Lévêque, C., M.N. Bruton and G.W. Ssentongo (eds.) Biologie et écologie des poissons d'eau douce africains. Éditions se l'ORSTOM, Coll. Trav. et Doc. 216. 508 p. (Ref. 1978) Baensch, H.A. and R. Riehl0 Aquarien atlas. Band 2. 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In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse, G.G. Teugels and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Checklist of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels; MRAC, Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 4. (Ref. 5166) Beadle, L.C.0 The inland waters of tropical Africa. An introduction to tropical limnology. Second edition. Longman Group Limited, London. 475 p. (Ref. 6316) Ogutu-Ohwayo, R. and R.E. Hecky0 Fish introductions in Africa and some of their implications. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 48 (Suppl. 1):8-12. (Ref. 7270) Hepher, B. and Y. Pruginin0 Tilapia culture in ponds under controlled conditions. p. 185-203. In R.S.V. Pullin and R.H. Lowe-McConnell (eds.) The biology and culture of tilapias. ICLARM Conf. Proc. 7, 432 p. (Ref. 12227) Welcomme, R.L.0 The biology and ecology of the fishes of a small tropical stream. J. Zool. (Lond.) 158:485-529. (Ref. 12504) Balirwa, J.S.0 A contribution to the study of the food of six cyprinid fishes in three areas of the Lake Victoria Basin, East Africa. 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Key to Lake Victoria fishes other than haplochromine cichlids. p. 209-300. In F. Witte and W.L.T. van Densen (eds.) Fish stocks and fisheries of Lake Victoria. A handbook for field observations. Samara Publishing Limited, Dyfed, Great Britain. (Ref. 34290) Witte, F. and W. de Winter0 Appendix II. Biology of the major fish species of Lake Victoria. p. 301-320. In F. Witte and W.L.T. Van Densen (eds.) Fish stocks and fisheries of Lake Victoria. A handbook for field observations. Samara Publishing Limited, Dyfed, Great Britain. (Ref. 34291) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. (Ref. 36670) Bugenyi, F.W.B. and A.J. Lutalo-Bosa0 Likely effects of salinity on acute copper toxicity to the fisheries of the lake George-Edward basin. Hydrobiologia 208(1/2):39-44. 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Dahlström0 Kalannimiluettelo (versio 10/03). Suomen Biologian Seura Vanamo Ry. (Ref. 51086) Crespi, V. and G.D. Ardizzone0 Fishery resources and some economic aspects of four fishing villages on lakes George and Edward in the Queen Elizabeth National Park, Uganda. Afr. J. Trop. Hydrobiol. Fish. 6:11-20. (Ref. 51885) Kanyike, E.S.0 The Uganda waters of Lake Victoria. FAO Fish. Rep. 430:16-17. (Ref. 51899) Seegers, L., L. De Vos and D.O. Okeyo0 Annotated checklist of the freshwater fishes of Kenya (excluding the lacustrine haplochromines from Lake Victoria). J. E. Afr. Nat. Hist. 92:11-47. (Ref. 52331) Thurston, J.P.0 The incidence of Monogenea and parasitic Crustacea on the gills of fish in Uganda. Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. 82(1-2):111-130. (Ref. 52490) Khalil, L.F. and J.P. Thurston0 Studies on the helminth parasites of freshwater fishes of Uganda including the descriptions of two new species of digeneans. Rev. Zool. Bot. afr. 87(2):209-248. 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Fishes in Lake Kivu: Diversity and Fisheries. pp. 127-152. In J.-P. Descy, F. Darchambeau and M. Schmid (eds.). Lake Kivu: Limnology and biogeochemistry of a tropical great lake. Aquatic Ecology Series 5, Springer, 190p. (Ref. 107916) Shechonge, A., B.P. Ngatunga, S.J. Bradbeer, J.J. Day, J.J. Freer, A.G.P. Ford, J. Kihedu, T. Richmond, S. Mzighani, A.M. Smith, E.A. Sweke, R. Tamatamah, A.M. Tyers, G.F. Turner and M.J. Genner0 Widespread colonisation of Tanzanian catchments by introduced <i>Oreochromis</i> tilapia fishes: the legacy from decades of deliberate introduction. Hydrobiologia (2018). (Ref. 118630) Genner, M.J., G.F. Turner and B.P. Ngatunga0 A guide to the tilapia fishes of Tanzania. Martin J. Genner, George F. Turner and Benjamin P. Ngatunga, August 2018. 29 p. (Ref. 118638) FB-pic-1413-10181 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1993-07-01 2018-02-09 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1413 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Orleu_m0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Orleu_m0.gif FB-GeneralDescr-1413 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2024-01-15 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1413 Occupies an inshore zone and is common in lagoons (Ref. 87). Occasionally forms schools (Ref. 2, 39939). Is mainly diurnal (Ref. 2). Can tolerate considerable deoxygenation (Ref. 2, 1739, 4903, 13046, 32297) and warm temperatures (Ref. 2060), known to occur at 38.0 °C (Ref. 2). Feeds on phytoplankton (Ref. 2, 21, 4903, 34291, 55486) and detritus (Ref. 34291, 55486, 56058). Ovophilic (Ref. 2060), a maternal mouthbrooder (Ref. 4903, 34291, 55074, 118638). Males dig simple pits in shallow water (Ref. 118638). Strongly prone to precocious maturity; this makes it an undesirable aquaculture species (Ref. 118638). Caught in large numbers by small-meshed nets in shallow swampy areas, where it has become established (Ref. 118638). When stocked along with Nile tilapia, probably will assist in filling all suitable niches and competitively excluding native species (Ref. 118638). Trewavas, E. 1983 Tilapiine fishes of the genera <i>Sarotherodon</i>, <i>Oreochromis</i> and <i>Danakilia</i>. British Mus. Nat. Hist., London, UK. 583 p. (Ref. 2) FB-DiagnosticDescr-1413 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2018-11-14 16:35:11 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1413 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Diagnosis: A small medium-sized tilapia, with a relatively deep, flattened body and small head and jaws (Ref. 118638). Lower jaw not longer than 34% of the head, preorbital depth not more than 23.2%; teeth of jaws and pharynx very small, those of the lower pharyngeal restricted to the posterior part of the pad; 27-29 vertebrae (Ref. 2). Scales on lateral line 28-30 (Ref. 2, 34290, 54836), rarely 31 or 32 (Ref. 2). Gill-rakers on lower part of first gill-arch 19-24 (Ref. 34290, 54836). Length/depth ratio of caudal peduncle 0.5-0.8 (Ref. 34290). Males are black with white spots on the flanks and fins; females are more olive coloured, with pale ventral regions, faint vertical barring and dark anal and tail fins (Ref. 2, 4903, 34290, 118638). Lower lip often bluish-white; 8 to 12 dark vertical stripes sometimes visible on flanks (Ref. 2, 4903, 34290). Dorsal, anal and caudal fins dark; soft dorsal, entire caudal and anal fins with well-defined bluish-white spots (Ref. 4903, 34290). Genital papilla intensely white in both sexes (Ref. 2). Ground color in breeding males changes to dark blue-black, whilst whitish spots on body and fins are intensified; eye outstanding with its bright amber iris crossed by a black bar (Ref. 2, 4903, 34290).Description: body moderately deep in very young fish, becoming slender and lozenge shaped with increase in length (Ref. 55020). Maxillary ending below nostril (Ref. 55985) or a little behind it, between nostril and eye (Ref. 55074, 55985). Teeth very small, in 3-6 series, outermost bicuspid, inner tricuspid (Ref. 2, 55985). 2 series of scales on cheek (Ref. 2, 55985), rarely 1 or 2 scales of a third series (Ref. 2). Lower pharyngeal bone slender, its width usually less than, occasionally equal to, its median length (Ref. 2). Pharyngeal teeth very fine and crowded (Ref. 2), restricted to the posterior part of the pad in adults (Ref. 2, 55985). Flanges on either side of the apex of the triangular area of the lower pharyngeal bone unusually broad; microbranchiospines on outer surfaces of second, third and fourth arches; 7 scales over top of caudal peduncle above lateral line (Ref. 2). Generally 4, rarely 3, scales along the lateral series in the length of the caudal peducle (Ref. 56137). Genital papilla small, but white (Ref. 2, 56136) and conspicuous throughout life, crenellated in mature fishes of both sexes (Ref. 2). Dorsal fin reaching caudal fin base in juveniles and middle of caudal fin in adults; anal fin reaching as far backwards as dorsal fin; pectoral fins reaching anal fin base; pelvic fins reaching vent (Ref. 55074). 3-5 scales between bases of pectoral and pelvic fins; last anal fin spine about as long as last dorsal fin spine (Ref. 55985).Coloration: adults generally dark olive-green with white spots (Ref. 2, 4967, 56137) on the flanks formed by the paler centre of each scale (Ref. 2, 54836, 55074, 56136, 56137). If a pattern is present on the caudal fin, it consists of bluish white spots in a dark reticulum, but this may be restricted to the base or middle of the fin or masked by melanin; iridescence of opercular blotch and preorbital bone produces a dark violet effect (Ref. 2). Lower lip white (Ref. 56136). Dorsal fin usually without red marginal band (Ref. 2, 54836). Dorsal, soft anal and caudal fin spotted (Ref. 55985). Breeding males with a very dark blackish (Ref. 2, 55074, 56137) to blue-green body (Ref. 2, 56137) covered with intense white spots above the anal fin (Ref. 2), and a bright yellow iris that is crossed by an oblique dark bar in life (Ref. 2, 55074, 56136, 56137). Dorsal fin in breeding males may have some red color (but not opaque bright red as in other species) mixed with melanin, which disappears as the fish dies, leaving the lappets black (Ref. 2). Lower lip may be bluish green or greenish white in living male (Ref. 2, 56137), but becomes dark in preserved fish (Ref. 2). Branchiostegal membrane may have yellow patches in non-breeding fish and females, but is black in brooding females (Ref. 2, 56137). Juveniles: body usually dark blue (Ref. 55020) or greenish grey (Ref. 55020, 55074, 56136), with lighter ventral surface and scales showing up distinctly (Ref. 56137). 8-12 dark vertical bars on body (Ref. 2, 55074, 56137), extending from dorsal fin to belly (Ref. 56136). Bars may fade quickly in dead fish; one horizontal stripe is often prominent and appears to be caused by the localized intensification of the pigment of the vertical bars; iris usually with orange spot, intensifying with age (Ref. 55020). Indistinct Tilapia-mark (Ref. 2, 4903, 56136) marbling on a yellowish background (Ref. 2, 4903, 56137), taking the form of a dark bar reaching the depth of the dorsal fin and edged by a translucent area (Ref. 55020), but no longer distinguishable at 6.5-7.0cm SL (Ref. 2, 55020). Soft part of dorsal fin (Ref. 55020, 56136), and caudal and anal fins spotted with light circular spots which appear first at about 2.5cm and intensify with age (Ref. 55020). Trewavas, E. 1983 Tilapiine fishes of the genera <i>Sarotherodon</i>, <i>Oreochromis</i> and <i>Danakilia</i>. British Mus. Nat. Hist., London, UK. 583 p. (Ref. 2) FB-Morphology-1413 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2018-11-14 16:35:11 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1413 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Dorsal spines (total): 15 - 18; Dorsal soft rays (total): 10 - 13; Anal spines: 3 - 4; Analsoft rays: 9 - 11; Vertebrae: 27 - 29 Trewavas, E. 1983 Tilapiine fishes of the genera <i>Sarotherodon</i>, <i>Oreochromis</i> and <i>Danakilia</i>. British Mus. Nat. Hist., London, UK. 583 p. (Ref. 2) FB-Distribution-1413 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-02-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1413 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Africa: Lakes Edward, George and Albert and affluent rivers and streams of these lakes and of the Semliki River (Ref. 5166). Also in tributaries of the Aswa River where it is not certain whether it occurs naturally or has been introduced (Ref. 5166, 34290). Introduced from Lake Albert to Lake Victoria and fish ponds in catchment (Ref. 1739, 4967); also introduced in Lake Kivu (Ref. 107916). Several countries report adverse ecological impact after introduction. van Oijen, M.J.P. 1995 Appendix I. Key to Lake Victoria fishes other than haplochromine cichlids. p. 209-300. In F. Witte and W.L.T. van Densen (eds.) Fish stocks and fisheries of Lake Victoria. A handbook for field observations. Samara Publishing Limited, Dyfed, Great Britain. (Ref. 34290) FB-Uses-1413 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2024-01-15 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1413 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution aquaculture: experimental; aquarium: commercial Baensch, H.A. and R. Riehl 1985 Aquarien atlas. Band 2. Mergus, Verlag für Natur-und Heimtierkunde GmbH, Melle, Germany. 1216 p. (Ref. 2060) FB-LifeCycle-1413 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2024-01-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=1413&StockCode=1462 Breeds over shallow muddy bottoms in sheltered inlets and in the papyrus fringe (Ref. 56123). Ripe males are found near the bottom over particular nesting areas (Ref. 39939). Males establish territory and make a nest by mouth-digging (Ref. 2), actively preventing invasion by other fishes (Ref. 39939). Nests made in shallow water, 15-300cm deep (Ref. 2, 56123), 16-20cm in diameter and 1-4m apart, dug in coarse leaf-debris or on shallow muddy bottoms (Ref. 2, 39939). Brooding females from the lagoons are found in pools adjacent to the lagoons/nursery swamps (Ref. 2, 39939). Fry spent their early days in shallow, grassy (Ref. 2, 32297, 39939) and deoxygenated swamps (Ref. 56123), but move to deeper water as their length increases (Ref. 32297, 39939). Trewavas, E. 1983 Tilapiine fishes of the genera <i>Sarotherodon</i>, <i>Oreochromis</i> and <i>Danakilia</i>. British Mus. Nat. Hist., London, UK. 583 p. (Ref. 2) FB-TrophicStrategy-1413 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-19 00:00:00 2006-01-30 16:40:20 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ leucostictus Inhabits shallow channels, lagoons and basins of vegetated lakes mentioned above. (See also Ref. 3736, 4967 and 32297). Essentially a species of lagoons, especially closed or nearly closed lagoons (Ref. 2) and shallow sheltered bays (Ref. 39939). Trewavas, E. 1983 Tilapiine fishes of the genera <i>Sarotherodon</i>, <i>Oreochromis</i> and <i>Danakilia</i>. British Mus. Nat. Hist., London, UK. 583 p. (Ref. 2) FB-Size-1413 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2024-01-15 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1413 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats 36.3 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 56123)) Welcomme, R.L. 1967 Observations on the biology of the introduced species of <i>Tilapia</i> in Lake Victoria. Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. 76(3-4):249-279. (Ref. 56123) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Diseases-1413-308 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2005-01-26 00:00:00 2005-02-02 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=1413&StockCode=1462 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Cichlidogyrus Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Thurston, J.P. 1970 The incidence of Monogenea and parasitic Crustacea on the gills of fish in Uganda. Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. 82(1-2):111-130. (Ref. 52490) FB-Diseases-1413-1440 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2005-01-21 00:00:00 2005-01-21 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=1413&StockCode=1462 Cichlidogyrus Infestation 10. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Khalil, L.F. and J.P. Thurston 1973 Studies on the helminth parasites of freshwater fishes of Uganda including the descriptions of two new species of digeneans. Rev. Zool. Bot. afr. 87(2):209-248. (Ref. 52494) FB-Diseases-1413-556 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2005-01-21 00:00:00 2005-01-21 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=1413&StockCode=1462 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Cichlidogyrus Infestation 2. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Khalil, L.F. and J.P. Thurston 1973 Studies on the helminth parasites of freshwater fishes of Uganda including the descriptions of two new species of digeneans. Rev. Zool. Bot. afr. 87(2):209-248. (Ref. 52494) FB-Diseases-1413-558 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2005-02-01 00:00:00 2005-02-01 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=1413&StockCode=1462 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Cichlidogyrus Infestation 4. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Thurston, J.P. 1970 The incidence of Monogenea and parasitic Crustacea on the gills of fish in Uganda. Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. 82(1-2):111-130. (Ref. 52490) FB-Diseases-1413-1436 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2005-01-19 00:00:00 2005-01-21 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=1413&StockCode=1462 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Cichlidogyrus Infestation 7. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Khalil, L.F. and J.P. Thurston 1973 Studies on the helminth parasites of freshwater fishes of Uganda including the descriptions of two new species of digeneans. Rev. Zool. Bot. afr. 87(2):209-248. (Ref. 52494) FB-Diseases-1413-551 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2005-01-21 00:00:00 2005-01-21 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ FAO General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=1413&StockCode=1462 Cichlidogyrus Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Khalil, L.F. and J.P. Thurston 1973 Studies on the helminth parasites of freshwater fishes of Uganda including the descriptions of two new species of digeneans. Rev. Zool. Bot. afr. 87(2):209-248. (Ref. 52494) FB-Diseases-1413-1265 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2005-07-18 00:00:00 2005-07-18 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=1413&StockCode=1462 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Contracaecum Disease (larvae). Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Paperna, I. 1996 Parasites, infections and diseases of fishes in Africa. An update. CIFA Tech. Pap. No. 31. 220 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 45600) FB-Habitat-1413 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2024-01-15 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1413 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology benthopelagic; freshwater; pH range: 7.0 - 9.0; dH range: 10; depth range 0 - 10 m (Ref. 34291) Witte, F. and W. de Winter 1995 Appendix II. Biology of the major fish species of Lake Victoria. p. 301-320. In F. Witte and W.L.T. Van Densen (eds.) Fish stocks and fisheries of Lake Victoria. A handbook for field observations. Samara Publishing Limited, Dyfed, Great Britain. (Ref. 34291)