FB-1435 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1435 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Scombriformes Bramidae Brama Brama dussumieri Cuvier, 1831 Chilwa tilapia Shire tilapia Tilapia shiranus Katakuzi Makumbwa Makumba Fwilili Mphende 奇尔口孵非鲫奇爾口孵非鯽希拉納口孵非鯽希拉纳口孵非鲫 Oreochromis shiranus chilwae (Trewavas, 1966) Oreochromis shiranus shiranus Boulenger, 1897 Sarotherodon chilwae (Trewavas, 1966) Sarotherodon shilwae (Trewavas, 1966) Sarotherodon shiranus (Boulenger, 1897) Sarotherodon shiranus chilwae (Trewavas, 1966) Sarotherodon shiranus shiranus (Boulenger, 1897) Tilapia placida (non Trewavas, 1941) Tilapia shirana (Boulenger, 1897) Tilapia shirana chilwae Trewavas, 1966 Tilapia shirana shirana (Boulenger, 1897) 1990-10-17 2011-02-24 Trewavas, E.0 Tilapiine fishes of the genera Sarotherodon, Oreochromis and Danakilia. British Mus. Nat. Hist., London, UK. 583 p. (Ref. 2) Wohlfarth, G.W. and G. Hulata0 Applied genetics of tilapias. ICLARM Stud. Rev. 6 (2nd edition), 26 p. (Ref. 21) Pullin, R.S.V. (ed.)0 Tilapia genetic resources for aquaculture. ICLARM Conf. Proc. 16, 108 p. (Ref. 88) Pauly, D., J. Moreau and M. Prein0 A comparison of overall growth performance of tilapia in open waters and aquaculture. p. 469-479. In R.S.V. Pullin, T. Bhukaswan, K. Tonguthai and J.L. Maclean (eds.) The Second International Symposium on Tilapia in Aquaculture. ICLARM Conf. Proc. 15. (Ref. 102) Moreau, J., C. Bambino and D. Pauly0 Indices of overall growth performance of 100 tilapia (Cichlidae) populations. p. 201-206. In J.L. Maclean, L.B. Dizon and L.V. Hosillos (eds.) The First Asian Fisheries Forum. 727 p. Asian Fisheries Society, Manila, Philippines. (Ref. 115) Msiska, D.V. and M.A. Cantrell0 Influence of poultry manure on growth of Oreochromis shiranus chilwae. Aquaculture 44:67-73. (Ref. 343) de Merona, B.0 Modèle d'estimation rapide de la croissance des poissons. Application aux poissons d'eau douce d'Afrique. Rev. Hydrobiol. Trop. 16(1):103-113. (Ref. 354) Msiska, O.V.0 A synoptic review of the biology and culture of Oreochromis shiranus shiranus and Oreochromis shiranus chilwae. Domasi Experimental Fish Farm, Domasi, Malawi. (Ref. 670) Pauly, D.0 On the interrelationships between natural mortality, growth parameters, and mean environmental temperature in 175 fish stocks. J. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer. 39(2):175-192. (Ref. 1139) Welcomme, R.L.0 International introductions of inland aquatic species. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. 294. 318 p. (Ref. 1739) Boulenger, G.A.0 Descriptions of new fishes from the upper Shiré River, British Central Africa, collected by Dr. Percy Rendall and presented to the British Museum by Sir Harry H. Johnston, K.C.B. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1896:915-920. (Ref. 1882) Castle, P.H.J.0 Nemichthyidae. p. 193-194. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 3248) Bourn, D.M.0 The feeding of three commercially important fish species in Lake Chilwa, Malawi. Afr. J. Trop. Hydrobiol. Fish. 3(2):135-145. (Ref. 4368) Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517) Howard-Williams, G., M. Furse, C. Schulten-Senden, D. Bourn and G. Lenton0 Lake Chilwa, Malawi. Studies on the tropical freshwater ecosystems. Report to the 1BP/UNESCO on synthesis on PF results; 12-18 September 1972 at Reading, England. (Ref. 4744) Eccles, D.H.0 FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Field guide to the freshwater fishes of Tanzania. Prepared and published with the support of the United Nations Development Programme (project URT/87/016). FAO, Rome. 145 p. (Ref. 4967) Trewavas, E. and G.G. Teugels0 Oreochromis. p. 307-346. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse, G.G. Teugels and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) 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(Ref. 13332) Kaunda, E.0 Tag-recapture study on two selected small water bodies in Malawi. ALCOM Field Doc. No. 38. FAO, GCP/INT/555/SWE, GCP/RAF/277/Bel, TCP/RAF/2380. 35 p. (Ref. 27590) Mattson, N.S. and E.K.W.H. Kaunda0 Population dynamics of Oreochromis shiranus in two small water bodies in Malawi. J. Fish Biol. 50(3):592-607. (Ref. 27591) Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982) Eschmeyer, W.N. (ed.)0 Catalog of fishes. Updated database version of November 1999. Catalog databases as made available to FishBase in November 1999. (Ref. 33021) Nsiku, E.0 Changes in the fisheries of Lake Malawi, 1976-1996: ecosystem-based analysis. 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Ngatunga, S.J. Bradbeer, J.J. Day, J.J. Freer, A.G.P. Ford, J. Kihedu, T. Richmond, S. Mzighani, A.M. Smith, E.A. Sweke, R. Tamatamah, A.M. Tyers, G.F. Turner and M.J. Genner0 Widespread colonisation of Tanzanian catchments by introduced Oreochromis tilapia fishes: the legacy from decades of deliberate introduction. Hydrobiologia (2018). (Ref. 118630) Genner, M.J., G.F. Turner and B.P. Ngatunga0 A guide to the tilapia fishes of Tanzania. Martin J. Genner, George F. Turner and Benjamin P. Ngatunga, August 2018. 29 p. (Ref. 118638) FB-pic-1432-10182 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1993-07-01 2013-11-15 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1432 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Orshi_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Orshi_u0.gif FB-GeneralDescr-1432 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2018-11-22 17:37:10 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1432 Found in very shallow waters around Lake Malawi that are densely vegetated, but also in lagoons (Ref. 5595). It can occur at temperatures ranging from 23.0-42.0 °C (Ref. 670). It feeds on detritus and phytoplankton (Ref. 5595). A maternal mouthbrooder (Ref. 118638). A large species heavily exploited in Lake Nyasa [= Lake Malawi] and its catchment; males in particular are fast-growing and the species is cultured commercially in Malawi in cages and ponds (Ref. 118638). Trewavas, E. and G.G. Teugels 1991 Oreochromis. p. 307-346. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse, G.G. Teugels and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Checklist of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels; MRAC, Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 4. (Ref. 5166) FB-DiagnosticDescr-1432 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2018-11-21 21:34:45 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1432 Diagnosis: A large, deep-bodied species with 4, rarely 3 or 5, anal fin spines (Ref. 118638). Females and immatures from the Lake Malawi catchment have a dark olive-coloured body, yellow-gold below; other populations, such as those from Lakes Chilwa and Chiuta and the Ruvuma system show a more silvery colour; unusually for Oreochromis, the horizontal stripes are often more prominent than the vertical bars; adult males develop very large jaws and a concave head profile, they are black, with red margins to the dorsal and caudal fins (Ref. 118638). Underwater or in aquaria, males show numerous white spots on the upper half of the flanks, but these fade quickly under stress, so that they appear uniformly black when removed from the water (Ref. 118638).Description: Jaws enlarged in big mature males, but outer teeth mostly remaining bicuspid (Ref. 2). Length of pharyngeal bone from a little less to a little more than its width; blade 0.8-1.26 length of toothed area; teeth slender and firm (Ref. 2). Usually IV anal spines, rarely III or V; caudal fin scaly, but less densely than in the Oreochromis squamipinnis group (Ref. 2). Scales in lateral line series 31-33; 3.5-4 between origin of dorsal and lateral line, 4-7 between bases of pectoral and pelvic fins; in 2-3 rows on the cheek (Ref. 2). Lower gill rakers 16-21, usually 17-19 (Ref. 2). Vertebrae 29-30 (Ref. 2). Genital papilla of male simple (Ref. 2).Colouration: Breeding male becoming very dark to black, but not with white lower parts of head (Ref. 2). Trewavas, E. 1983 Tilapiine fishes of the genera Sarotherodon, Oreochromis and Danakilia. British Mus. Nat. Hist., London, UK. 583 p. (Ref. 2) FB-Morphology-1432 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2018-11-21 21:34:45 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1432 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Dorsal spines (total): 15 - 18; Dorsal soft rays (total): 10 - 13; Anal spines: 3 - 5; Analsoft rays: 9 - 11; Vertebrae: 29 - 30 Trewavas, E. 1983 Tilapiine fishes of the genera Sarotherodon, Oreochromis and Danakilia. British Mus. Nat. Hist., London, UK. 583 p. (Ref. 2) FB-Distribution-1432 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2019-02-04 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1432 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Africa: Two subspecies are recognized: Oreochromis shiranus shiranus from Shiré River above the Murchison rapids and Lake Malawi, together with their tributaries in Tanzania, Malawi and Mozambique (Ref. 5166, 118630); Oreochromis shiranus chilwae from Lake Chilwa and its basin in Malawi and Mozambique (Ref. 5166, 118638). Trewavas, E. and G.G. Teugels 1991 Oreochromis. p. 307-346. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse, G.G. Teugels and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Checklist of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels; MRAC, Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 4. (Ref. 5166) FB-Uses-1432 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2018-11-22 17:37:10 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1432 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution fisheries: commercial; aquaculture: commercial; aquarium: commercial Eccles, D.H. 1992 FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Field guide to the freshwater fishes of Tanzania. Prepared and published with the support of the United Nations Development Programme (project URT/87/016). FAO, Rome. 145 p. (Ref. 4967) Eccles, D.H. 1992 FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Field guide to the freshwater fishes of Tanzania. Prepared and published with the support of the United Nations Development Programme (project URT/87/016). FAO, Rome. 145 p. (Ref. 4967) Konings, A. 1990 Ad Konings's book of cichlids and all the other fishes of Lake Malawi. T.F.H. Publications, Inc. 495 p. (Ref. 5595) FB-LifeCycle-1432 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2018-11-22 17:37:10 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=1432&StockCode=1487 A maternal mouthbrooder (Ref. 118638). Builds basin-shaped nests in shallow water from 0.15 m to 1.5 m deep, in sand overlaid with mud, in the vicinity of rooted aquatic vegetation; females brood eggs and young in the mouth until the young reach a length of about 10 mm (Ref. 670). Msiska, O.V. 1991 A synoptic review of the biology and culture of Oreochromis shiranus shiranus and Oreochromis shiranus chilwae. Domasi Experimental Fish Farm, Domasi, Malawi. (Ref. 670) FB-TrophicStrategy-1432 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-19 00:00:00 2018-11-22 17:37:35 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ shiranus Found in very shallow waters around Lake Malawi that are densely vegetated, but also in lagoons (Ref. 5595). It can occur at temperatures ranging from 23.0-42.0 °C (Ref. 670). It feeds on detritus and phytoplankton (Ref. 5595). Trewavas, E. 1983 Tilapiine fishes of the genera Sarotherodon, Oreochromis and Danakilia. British Mus. Nat. Hist., London, UK. 583 p. (Ref. 2) FB-Size-1432 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2018-11-22 17:37:10 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1432 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats 39.0 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 21)) Wohlfarth, G.W. and G. Hulata 1983 Applied genetics of tilapias. ICLARM Stud. Rev. 6 (2nd edition), 26 p. (Ref. 21) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-1432 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2018-11-22 17:37:10 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1432 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution benthopelagic; freshwater; brackish