FB-1584 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1584 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Clupeiformes Alosidae Alosa Alosa sapidissima (Wilson, 1811) Maisild Stamsild Aloza wielkooka a. aloza teczowa Alosa cinzenta Alosa-cinzenta Placka atlantická Placka velkooká Flodsild Majsild Stamsild Maifisch Alewife Anadromous alewives Bigeye herring Branch herring Freshwater herring Gray herring Grayback Greyback Kyak Sawbelly White herring Hallselg-aloosa Harmaasilli Kantasilli Alose gaspareau Gapareau Gaspareau Gasparot Gaspereau Gasperot Augnasíld Alaccia Alosa Falsa-aringa atlantica Bol'sheglazyi pomolob сероспинка Сероспинка (=элевайф) Lojka Scepa Gumsill Alosa Pinchagua Amerikaanse rivierharing Frissa Hering de primavara Sardellomána Velikooka čepa 淡水大眼鯡 淡水大眼鲱 灰西鯡 灰西鲱 Clupea megalops Rafinesque, 1818 Clupea parvula Mitchill, 1814 Clupea pseudoharengus Wilson, 1811 Clupea vernalis Mitchill, 1815 Clupea virescens DeKay, 1842 Meletta venosa Valenciennes, 1847 Pomolobus pseudoharengus (Wilson, 1811) 1990-10-17 2018-03-21 Coppola, S.R., W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, N. Scialabba and K.E. Carpenter0 SPECIESDAB: Global species database for fishery purposes. User's manual. FAO Computerized Information Series (Fisheries). No. 9. Rome, FAO. 103 p. (Ref. 171) Whitehead, P.J.P.0 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188) Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 A list of common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (12)1-174. (Ref. 276) Sambilay, V.C. Jr.0 Interrelationships between swimming speed, caudal fin aspect ratio and body length of fishes. Fishbyte 8(3):16-20. (Ref. 308) Wardle, C.S. and P. He0 Burst swimming speeds of mackerel, <i>Scomber scombrus</i> L. J. Fish Biol. 32(3):471-478. (Ref. 499) Scott, W.B. and E.J. Crossman0 Freshwater fishes of Canada. Bull. Fish. Res. Board Can. 184: xi+1-966. (Ref. 1998) Hinegardner, R. and D.E. Rosen0 Cellular DNA content and the evolution of teleostean fishes. Am. Nat. 106(951):621-644. (Ref. 2209) Palomares, M.L.D.0 La consommation de nourriture chez les poissons: étude comparative, mise au point d'un modèle prédictif et application à l'étude des réseaux trophiques. Thèse de Doctorat, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse, 211 p. (Ref. 2939) Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development0 Multilingual dictionary of fish and fish products. Fishing News Books, Oxford. (Ref. 3383) Houde, E.D. and C.E. Zastrow0 Ecosystem- and taxon-specific dynamic and energetics properties of fish larvae assemblages. Bull. Mar. Sci. 53(2):290-335. (Ref. 3586) Carlander, K.D.0 Handbook of freshwater fishery biology, Volume 1. The Iowa State University Press, Ames. Iowa. 752 p. (Ref. 3672) Tisa, M.S. and J.J. Ney0 Compatibility of alewives and gizzard shad as reservoir forage fish. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 120(2):157-165. (Ref. 4106) Gunderson, D.R. and P.H. Dygert0 Reproductive effort as a predictor of natural mortality rate. J. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer. 44:200-209. (Ref. 4511) Brown, E.H. Jr.0 Population biology of alewives, <i>Alosa pseudoharengus</i>, in Lake Michigan, 1949-70. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 29:477-500. (Ref. 4513) Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517) Stewart, D.J. and F.P. Binkowski0 Dynamics of consumption and food conversion by Lake Michigan alewives: an energetics-modelling synthesis. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 115(5):643-661. (Ref. 4586) Pauly, D.0 Food consumption by tropical and temperate fish populations: some generalizations. J. Fish Biol. 35(Suppl.A):11-20. (Ref. 4587) Hildebrand, S.F.0 Family Clupeidae. p. 257-454. In H.B. Bigelow et al. (eds.) Fishes of the Western North Atlantic. Mem. Sears Fdn. Mar. Res., New Haven, (1-3):1-630. (Ref. 4607) Jones, P.W., F.D. Martin and J.D. Hardy Jr.0 Development of fishes of the Mid-Atlantic Bight. An atlas of eggs, larval and juvenile stages. Vol. 1. Acipenseridae through Ictaluridae. U.S. Fish Wildl. Ser. Biol. Serv. Program FWS/OBS-78/12. 336 p. (Ref. 4639) FAO0 FAO yearbook. Fishery statistics: catches and landings. Vol. 70: 1990. FAO Fish. Ser. 38:647 p. (Ref. 4931) Scott, W.B. and M.G. Scott0 Atlantic fishes of Canada. Can. Bull. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 219:731 p. (Ref. 5951) Kotlyar, A.N.0 Dictionary of names of marine fishes on the six languages. All Union Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography, Moscow. 288 p. (Ref. 5969) Grabda, E. and T. Heese0 Polskie nazewnictwo popularne kraglouste i ryby. Cyclostomata et Pisces. Wyzsza Szkola Inzynierska w Koszalinie. Koszalin, Poland. 171 p. (in Polish). (Ref. 6313) Ida, H., N. Oka and K. Hayashigaki0 Karyotypes and cellular DNA contents of three species of the subfamily Clupeinae. Jap. J. Ichthyol. 38(3):289-294. (Ref. 6414) Bigelow, H.B. and W.C. Schroeder0 Fishes of the Gulf of Maine. Fish. Bull. 53:1-577. (Ref. 7135) Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray0 A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251) Doucette, A.J. Jr. and J.M. Fitzsimons0 Karyology of elopiform and clupeiform fishes. Copeia 1988(1):124-130. (Ref. 8971) Mayers, L.J. and L. Roberts0 Chromosomal homogeneity of five populations of alewives, <i>Alosa pseudoharengus</i>. Copeia 1969(2):313-317. (Ref. 8972) Vasil'ev, V.P.0 Chromosome numbers in fish-like vertebrates and fish. J. Ichthyol. 20(3):1-38. (Ref. 8973) FAO0 FAO Yearbook. Fishery statistics: catches and landings. Vol. 74: 1992. FAO Fish. Ser. 43:677 p. (Ref. 8984) Tesch, F.W.0 The eel biology and management of anguillid eels. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 434 p. (Ref. 8994) Bentzen, P., W.C. Leggett and G.G. Brown0 Genetic relationships among the shads (<i>Alosa</i>) revealed by mitochondrial DNA analysis. J. Fish Biol. 43(6):909-917. (Ref. 8998) Frimodt, C.0 Multilingual illustrated guide to the world's commercial coldwater fish. Fishing News Books, Osney Mead, Oxford, England. 215 p. (Ref. 9988) Walton, C.J.0 Parent-progeny relationship for established population of anadromous alewives in a Maine lake. Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. 1:451-454. (Ref. 10027) O'Gorman, R., R.A. Bergstedt and T.H. Eckert0 Prey fish dynamics and salmonine predator growth in Lake Ontario, 1978-84. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 44 (Suppl. 2):390-403. (Ref. 10028) Jessop, B.M.0 Stock-recruitment relationships of alewives and blueback herring returning to the Mactaquac Dam, Saint John River, New Brunswick. North Am. J. Fish. Manage. 10:19-32. (Ref. 10030) Etnier, D.A. and W.C. Starnes0 The fishes of Tennessee. The University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA. (pls. check date). (Ref. 10294) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the University of British Columbia Fish Museum Fish Museum. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. (Ref. 10937) Myers, R.A., J. Bridson and N.J. Barrowman0 Summary of worldwide spawner and recruitment data. Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 2024. 274 p. (Ref. 11063) Hugg, D.O.0 MAPFISH georeferenced mapping database. Freshwater and estuarine fishes of North America. Life Science Software. Dennis O. and Steven Hugg, 1278 Turkey Point Road, Edgewater, Maryland, USA. (Ref. 12193) Setler, E.M., W.R. Boynton, K.V. Wood, H.H. Zion, L. Lubbers, N.K. Mountford, P. Frere, L. Tucker and J.A. Mihursky0 Synopsis of biological data on striped bass, <i>Morone saxatilis</i> (Walbaum). NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS Circular 433, FAO Synopsis No. 121. (Ref. 12254) Farmer, J.G.0 Biology and physiology of feeding in adult lampreys. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 37:1751-1761. (Ref. 12474) Palomares, M.L.D.0 La consommation de nourriture chez les poissons: étude comparative, mise au point d'un modèle prédictif et application à l'étude des réseaux trophiques. Thèse de Doctorat, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse, 211 p. (Ref. 12676) Grabe, S.A.0 Feeding chronology and habits of <i>Alosa</i> spp. (Clupeidae) juveniles from the lower Hudson River estuary, New York. Environ. Biol. Fishes 47:321-326. (Ref. 13353) McComish, T.S.0 A 1984 diet evaluation for salmonids from Indiana waters of Lake Michigan. Proc. Indiana Acad. Sci., 95:188. (Ref. 13380) Mills, E.L., R. O'Gorman, E.F. Roseman, C. Adams and R.W. Owens0 Planktivory by alewife (<i>Alosa pseudoharengus</i>) and rainbow smelt (<i>Osmerus mordax</i>) on microcrustacean zooplankton and dreissenid (Bivalvia: Dreissenidae) veligers in southern Lake Ontario. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 52:925-935. (Ref. 13515) Bailey, K.M. and E.D. Houde0 Predation on eggs and larvae of marine fishes and the recruitment problem. Adv. Mar. Biol. 25:1-83. (Ref. 13654) Sanches, J.G.0 Nomenclatura Portuguesa de organismos aquáticos (proposta para normalização estatística). Publ. Avuls. Inst. Nac. Invest. Pescas 14:322 p. (Ref. 26388) Hartman, K.J. and S.B. Brandt0 Trophic resource partitioning, diets, and growth of sympatric estuarine predators. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 124(4):520-537. (Ref. 26980) Buckel, J.A. and D.O. Conover0 Movements, feeding periods, and daily ration of piscivorous young-of-the-year bluefish, <i>Pomatomus saltatrix</i>, in the Hudson River estuary. Fish. Bull. 95:665-679. (Ref. 26985) Murdy, E.O., R.S. Birdsong and J.A. Musick0 Fishes of Chesapeake Bay. Smithsonian Institution Press Washington and London. 324 p. (Ref. 27549) Knight, R.L. and B. Vondracek0 Changes in prey fish populations in western lake Erie, 1969-88, as related to walleye, <i>Stizostedion vitreum</i>, predation. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 50 :1289-1298. (Ref. 28128) Randolph, S. and M. Snyder0 The seafood list: FDA's guide to acceptable market names for seafood sold in interstate commerce. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, USA. pag. var. (Ref. 30426) Rass, T.S.0 Fish. Vol. 4, Life of animals. V.E. Sokolov (ed.), Moscow: Prosveschenie. 575p. (Ref. 30503) Jude, D.J., F.J. Tesar, S.F. Deboe and T.J. Miller0 Diet and selection of major prey species by Lake Michigan salmonids, 1973-1982. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 116(5):677-691. (Ref. 30612) Swedish Museum of Natural History0 Fish collection database of the Naturhistoriska riksmuseet (Swedish Museum of Natural History). Ichthyology Section, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden. (Ref. 31402) Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982) Jessop, B.M.0 Fecundity of anadromous alewives and blueback herring in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 122(1):85-98. (Ref. 32492) Brandt, S.B., J.J. Magnuson and L.B. Crowder0 Thermal habitat partitioning by fishes in Lake Michigan. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 37(10):1557-1564. (Ref. 33449) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Intitut fur Seefischerei (ISH). BIOLAB Forschungsinstitut, Hohenwestedt, Germany. (Ref. 35509) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. (Ref. 36670) Bigelow, H.B., M.G. Bradbury, J.R. Dymond, J.R. Greeley, S.F. Hildebrand, G.W. Mead, R.R. Miller, L.R. Rivas, W.L. Schroeder, R.D. Suttkus and V.D. Vladykov0 Fishes of the western North Atlantic. Part three. New Haven, Sears Found. Mar. Res., Yale Univ. (Ref. 37032) Stone, H.H. and G.R. Daborn0 Diet of alewives, <i>Alosa pseudoharengus</i> and blueback herring, <i>A. aestivalis</i> (Pisces: Clupeidae) in Minas Basin, Nova Scotia, a turbid, macrotidal estuary. Environ. Biol. Fishes 19(1):55-67. (Ref. 37402) Bowman, R.E., C.E. Stillwell, W.L. Michaels and M.D. Grosslein0 Food of northwest Atlantic fishes and two common species of squid. NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-NE 155, 138 p. (Ref. 37512) Smith, B.A.0 The fishes of four low salinity tidal tributaries of the Delaware River Estuary. M.S. Thesis. Cornell University. 304 p. (Ref. 38548) Mansueti, R.J.0 Eggs, larvae, and young of the hickory shad, <i>Alosa mediocris</i>, with comments on its ecology in the estuary. Chesapeake Sci. 3(3):173-205. (Ref. 38619) Marcy, B.C. Jr.0 Age determination from scales of <i>Alosa pseudoharengus</i> (Wilson), and <i>Alosa aestivalis</i> (Mitchill), in Connecticut waters. University of Connecticut. 25 p. M.S. thesis. (Ref. 38622) Cianci, J.M.0 Larval development of the alewife, <i>Alosa pseudoharengus</i> Wilson, and the glut herring, <i>Alosa aestivalis</i> Mitchill. University of Connecticut. 62 p. M.S. thesis. (Ref. 38623) Tyus, H.M.0 Movements and spawning of anadromous alewifes, <i>Alosa pseudoharengus</i> (Wilson) at Lake Mattamuskeet, North Carolina. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 103(2):392-395. (Ref. 38631) Kissil, G.W.0 Contributions to the life history of the alewife, <i>Alosa pseudoharengus</i> (Wilson), in Connecticut. Ph.D. Thesis. University of Connecticut. 111 p. (Ref. 38632) Odell, T.T.0 The life history and ecological relationships of the alewife (<i>Pomolobus pseudoharengus</i> (Wilson) in Seneca Lake, New York. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 64:118-126. (Ref. 38633) Norden, C.R.0 Age, growth and fecundity of the alewife, <i>Alosa pseudoharengus</i> (Wilson), in Lake Michigan. Proc. Conf. Great Lakes Res. 10:70-78. (Ref. 38634) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732) Edsall, T.A.0 Feeding by three species of fishes on the eggs of spawning alewives. Copeia 1964(1):226-227. (Ref. 38797) Norden, C.R.0 Development and identification of the larval alewife, <i>Alosa pseudoharengus</i> (Wilson), in Lake Michigan. Proc. Conf. Great Lakes Res. 10:70-78. (Ref. 38880) Edsall, T.A.0 The effects of temperature on the rate of development and survival of alewife eggs and larvae. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 99(2):376-380. (Ref. 38881) Kissil, G.W.0 Spawning of the anadromous alewife, <i>Alosa pseudoharengus</i>, in Bride Lake, Connecticut. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 103(2):312-317. (Ref. 38883) Smith, H.M.0 The fishes of North Carolina. N.C. Geol. Econ. Surv. 2. 453 p. (Ref. 38884) Rothschild, B.J.0 The life history of the alewife, <i>Alosa pseudoharengus</i> (Wilson) in Cayuga Lake, New York. Cornell University. 113 p. Ph.D. dissertation. (Ref. 38887) Prince, E.E.0 The eggs and early life history of the herring, gaspereau, shad, and clupeoids. Can. Dep. Fish. Annu. Rept., Sess. Pap. 22:95-110. (Ref. 38944) Chambers, J.R., J.A. Musick and J. Davis0 Methods of distinguishing herring. Chesapeake Sci. 17(2):93-100. (Ref. 38945) Graham, J.J.0 Observations on the alewife, <i>Pomolobus pseudoharengus</i> (Wilson), in freshwater. Univ. Toronto Biol. Ser. 62. 43 p. (Ref. 38946) Banarescu, P.0 Pisces - Osteichthyes (pesti ganoizi si osisi). Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, Bucuresti. 962 p. (Ref. 39150) Scotton, L.N., R.E. Smith, N.S. Smith, K.S. Price and D.P. De Sylva0 Pictorial guide to fish larvae of Delaware Bay: with information and bibliographies useful for the study of fish larvae. Delaware Bay Report Series. Vol. 7. College of Marine Studies, University of Delaware. 205 p. (Ref. 39467) Mansueti, A.J. and J.D. Hardy0 Development of fishes of the Chesapeake Bay region. An atlas of egg, larval and juvenile stages. Part. 1. Port City Press, Baltimore. 202 p. (Ref. 40860) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen. Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen. (Ref. 40919) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West , NY 10024-5192, USA. (Ref. 41414) Wolfert, D.R.0 Food of young-of the-year walleyes in Lake Erie. Fish. Bull. 65(2):489-494. (Ref. 42406) Tin, H.T.0 Family Clupeidae, herrings. p. 64-73. In N.A. Auer (ed.) Identification of larval fishes of the Great Lakes basin with emphasis on the Lake Michigan drainage. Great Lakes Fishery Commission, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Special Publ. 82-3, 744 p. (Ref. 42883) Fratt, T.W., D.W. Coble, F. Copes and R.E. Bruesewitz0 Diet of burbot in Green Bay and Western Lake Michigan with comparison to other waters. J. Great Lakes Res. 23(1):1-10. (Ref. 43215) Anonymous0 Fish collection of the Royal Ontario Museum. Royal Ontario Museum. (Ref. 47438) Ricker, W.E.0 Russian-English dictionary for students of fisheries and aquatic biology. Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Ottawa. (Ref. 48321) Wigley, S.E., H.M. McBride and N.J. McHugh0 Length-weight relationships for 74 fish species collected during NEFSC research vessel bottom trawl surveys, 1992-99. NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-NE-171. 26 p. (Ref. 49746) Wilber, D.H., D.G. Clarke, M.H. Burlas, H. Ruben and R.J. Will0 Spatial and temporal variability in surf zone fish assemblages on the coast of northern New Jersey. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 56(2):291-304. (Ref. 50291) Munroe, T.A. and M.S. Nizinski0 Clupeidae. Herrings (shads, menhadens). p. 804-830. In K.E. Carpenter (ed.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Atlantic. Vol. 2: Bony fishes part 1 (Acipenseridae to Grammatidae). (Ref. 50649) Hanel, L. and J. Novák0 České názvy zivočichů V. Ryby a rybovití obratlovci (Pisces) II., nozdratí (Sarcopterygii), paprskoploutví (Actinopterygii) [chrupavčití (Chondrostei), kostnatí (Neopterygii): kostlíni (Semionotiformes) - bezostní (Clupeiformes)]. Národní muzeum (zoologické odděleí), Praha. (Ref. 51054) Riede, K.0 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) Carl, H.0 Danish fish names. Zoological Museum of Copenhagen. Unpublished. (Ref. 51471) Madenjian, C.P., J.D. Holuszko and T.J. Desorcie0 Growth and condition of alewives in Lake Michigan, 1984-2001. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 132(6):1104-1116. (Ref. 51540) He, J.X. and D.J. Stewart0 Age and size at first reproduction of fishes: predictive models based on growth trajectories. Ecology 82:784-792. (Ref. 52191) Hanel, L.0 Age and growth of the roach (Rutilus rutilus, Pisces, Cypriniformes) in the slapy Riverine Lake (Central, Bohemia). Acta Soc. Zool. Bohemoslov. 56:15-25. (Ref. 52208) Nelson, J.S., E.J. Crossman, H. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C.R. Gilbert, R.N. Lea and J.D. Williams0 Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 29, Bethesda, Maryland. ix, 386 p. + 1 CD. (Ref. 52299) Coker, G.A., C.B. Portt and C.K. Minns0 Morphological and ecological characteristics of Canadian freshwater fishes. Can. MS Rpt. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 2554:iv+89p. (Ref. 52559) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) Altman, P.L. and D.S. Dittmer0 Growth, including reproduction and morphological development. Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. (Ref. 72462) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis, 29 April 2008. (Ref. 75549) Scharpf, C.0 Annotated checklist of North America freshwater fishes, including subspecies and undescribed forms. American Currents 31(4):1-44. (Ref. 78811) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2010. (Ref. 83882) Collette, B.B. and G. Klein-MacPhee (eds.)0 Bigelow and Schroeder’s fishes of the Gulf of Maine, third ed. Caldwell, N.J. : Blackburn Press, 577 p.: ill.; 27 cm. (Ref. 86779) Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr0 A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Boston : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 663p. (Ref. 86798) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2012. (Ref. 90062) Murdy, E.O. and J.A. Musick0 Field guide to fishes of the Chesapeake Bay. JHU Press, 360 p. (Ref. 93252) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, April 2014. (Ref. 95632) Page, L.M., H. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C.R. Gilbert, R.N. Lea, N.E. Mandrak, R.L. Mayden and J.S. Nelson0 Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada and Mexico, 7th edition. Bethesda, Maryland: American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 34, 384 p. (Ref. 96293) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110) Pihu, E.0 Loomade elu 4. köide. Kalad. Pihu, E. 1979. Loomade Elu, 4. Köide, Kalad. Valgus, Tallinn. (Ref. 105472) Cheung, W.L., R. Watson and D. Pauly0 Signature of ocean warming in global fisheries catch. Nature 497:365-368. (Ref. 107945) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257) NatureServe0 <i>Alosa pseudoharengus</i>. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013: e.T201948A18235694. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T201948A18235694.en. Downloaded on 20 March 2018. (Ref. 117466) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed May, 2018] (Ref. 118272) Marčeta, B. and K. Pliberšek (eds)0 BiosWeb. Biological database of the Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia. Ljubljana, Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia, 2014. (www.biosweb.org. updated 13/04/2023). (Ref. 128520) Simian, G., D. Abraham, N. Bailly, P. Béarez, F. Urtizberea, A. Perrot, H. Goraguer, R. Langlois, P. Daszkiewicz, F. Teletchea, S. Tercerie and G. Denys0 Checklist of fishes from the Saint-Pierre and Miquelon archipelago. Cybium 46(4):371-384. (Ref. 132183) WDNR, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources0 Wisconsin Fish Species List.. World Wide Web electronic publication, Accessed 05 Oct. 2024. Madison (USA, WI): Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, 6 p. https://dnr.wisconsin.gov/sites/default/files/topic/Fishing/Species_wifish.pdf (Ref. 132215) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) Corush, J.B.0 Evolutionary patterns of diadromy in fishes: more than a transitional state between marine and freshwater. BMC Evol. Biol. 19(168):13 p. (Ref. 138280) FB-pic-1583-11416 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1996-06-29 1996-06-29 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1583 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Alpse_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Alpse_u0.gif FB-pic-1583-11417 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1996-06-29 1996-06-29 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1583 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Alpse_u1.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Alpse_u1.gif FB-GeneralDescr-1583 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-11-18 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1583 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Adults occur in open water over all bottom types (Ref. 86798). Movement of schooling adults apparently restricted to coastal areas proximal to natal estuaries (Ref. 4639). They migrate up rivers and even small streams to spawn in lakes and quiet stretches of rivers, then return to sea shortly after spawning (Ref. 4639); landlocked populations also ascend affluent rivers and streams. Larvae remain in vicinity of spawning grounds, forming schools at sizes less than 10 mm TL, within one to two weeks after hatching (Ref. 4639), then descend in summer and autumn or even as late as November or December. Adults feed on shrimps and small fishes; the young on diatoms, copepods and ostracods while in rivers. Utilized fresh, dried or salted, smoked and frozen; eaten fried (Ref. 9988). Also used for crab and lobster bait and sometimes for pet food (Ref. 9988). Parasites found are Acanthocephala, cestodes, trematodes and copepods. Overfishing, pollution and impassable dams cause the decline of stocks (Ref. 37032). Whitehead, P.J.P. 1985 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188) FB-DiagnosticDescr-1583 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2001-02-22 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1583 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Moderately compressed, belly with a distinct keel of scutes. Lower jaw rising steeply within mouth; minute teeth present at front of jaws (disappearing with age). Lower gill rakers increasing with age. A dark spot on shoulder. Distinguished from A. aestivalis by its silvery peritoneum; eye larger than snout length; back greyish green on capture. Whitehead, P.J.P. 1985 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188) FB-Morphology-1583 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2001-02-22 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1583 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Dorsal spines (total): 0; Analspines: 0 Whitehead, P.J.P. 1985 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188) FB-Distribution-1583 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2019-06-10 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1583 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution North America: Atlantic coast from Red Bay, Labrador in Canada to South Carolina in USA; many landlocked populations exist. Individuals with access to ocean are anadromous, ascending coastal rivers during spring spawning migraitons. Native to Lake Ontario; introduced into other Great Lakes via Welland Canal (first taken in Lake Erie in 1931). Introduced elsewhere, including New River in West Virginia and Virginia, and upper Tennessee River system in Tennessee, USA. Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr 2011 A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Boston : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 663p. (Ref. 86798) FB-Uses-1583 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-11-18 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1583 fisheries: commercial; bait: occasionally FAO 1992 FAO yearbook. Fishery statistics: catches and landings. Vol. 70: 1990. FAO Fish. Ser. 38:647 p. (Ref. 4931) Frimodt, C. 1995 Multilingual illustrated guide to the world's commercial coldwater fish. Fishing News Books, Osney Mead, Oxford, England. 215 p. (Ref. 9988) FB-Migration-1583 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-11-18 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1583 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Anadromous. Fish that ascend rivers to spawn, as salmon and hilsa do. Sub-division of diadromous. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. Corush, J.B. 2019 Evolutionary patterns of diadromy in fishes: more than a transitional state between marine and freshwater. BMC Evol. Biol. 19(168):13 p. (Ref. 138280) FB-LifeCycle-1583 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-11-18 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=1583&StockCode=1776 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Adults migrate up rivers and even small streams, spawn in lakes and quiet stretches of rivers; landlocked populations also ascend affluent rivers and streams; the fry descend in summer and autumn or even as late as November or December. Spawning activity has been observed both diurnally and nocturnally, but with greatest activity at night (Ref. 38797). Spawning activity stops above 27.8°C (Ref. 38881).Freshwater populations mature earlier and at a smaller average size than saltwater populations (Ref. 4639). Whitehead, P.J.P. 1985 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188) FB-TrophicStrategy-1583 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-19 00:00:00 2007-10-22 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public pseudoharengus http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Euryhaline, entering brackish- and freshwaters, anadromous (Ref. 10294). Movement of schooling adults apparently restricted to coastal areas proximal to natal estuaries (Ref. 4639). They migrate up rivers and even small streams to spawn in lakes and quiet stretches of rivers, then return to sea shortly after spawning (Ref. 4639); landlocked populations also ascend affluent rivers and streams. Larvae remain in vicinity of spawning grounds, forming schools at sizes less than 10 mm TL, within one to two weeks after hatching (Ref. 4639), then descend in summer and autumn or even as late as November or December. Feed on shrimps and small fishes; the young on diatoms, copepods and ostracods while in rivers. Feed on planktonic and benthic invertebrates (Ref. 13515). Fish measuring 5.0-7.0 cm TL feed by gulping, filtering and particulate feeding, whereas smaller fish are exclusive particulate feeders (Ref. 46977). Preyed upon by walleye, smallmouth bass, crappie, rainbow trout and ohrid trout (Ref. 10294). Whitehead, P.J.P. 1985 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188) FB-Size-1583 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-11-18 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1583 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution 40.0 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 7251)); max. published weight: 200 g (Ref. 7251); max. reported age: 9 years (Ref. 72462) Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray 1986 A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251) Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray 1986 A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251) Altman, P.L. and D.S. Dittmer 1962 Growth, including reproduction and morphological development. Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. (Ref. 72462) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-1583 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-11-18 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1583 pelagic-neritic; anadromous (Ref. 138280); freshwater; brackish; marine; depth range 5 - 145 m (Ref. 4639), usually 56 - 110 m (Ref. 5951) Corush, J.B. 2019 Evolutionary patterns of diadromy in fishes: more than a transitional state between marine and freshwater. BMC Evol. Biol. 19(168):13 p. (Ref. 138280) Jones, P.W., F.D. Martin and J.D. Hardy Jr. 1978 Development of fishes of the Mid-Atlantic Bight. An atlas of eggs, larval and juvenile stages. Vol. 1. Acipenseridae through Ictaluridae. U.S. Fish Wildl. Ser. Biol. Serv. Program FWS/OBS-78/12. 336 p. (Ref. 4639) Scott, W.B. and M.G. Scott 1988 Atlantic fishes of Canada. Can. Bull. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 219:731 p. (Ref. 5951)