FB-1918 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1918 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Carangiformes Carangidae Caranx Caranx ruber (Bloch, 1793) Esuch Esuuch Poroo-e-chashmdorosht Karanks smugowy Xaréu voraz Grootoog-koningvis Bayad Girim Hamam ghufdhara Jesh Jash Kaghdara Ariwan Atulay Badlon Barilason Lison Malapondo Mansa Salay-salay Tagiptipon Bansikol Mamsa Tarakiton apaka Tarakito Storøjet trevalle Stachelmakerele Banded cavalla Bigeye jack Bigeye kingfish Big-eye kingfish Bigeye trevally Big-eye trevally Dusk jack Dusky jack Giant trevally Great trevally Horse mackerel Horse mackerel trevally Horse-eye jack Jack Kingfish Orange-spotted trevally Six banded trevally Sixband trevally Tille jack Trevally Turrum Yellow jack Kuusvööt-hobumakrell Suursilm-hobumakrell kodro yaloka ni mata levu Saqa Saqa drau Carangue Carangue aux gros yeux Carangue platte Carangue vorace Bangada Kala bangada કાલા બંગડા બંગડા Pake ulua Sasa Ulua Ulua menpachi Baulo Ingatan Carangidi Leccia stella Putihan Selar Gin-game-aji Gingame-aji ギンガメアジ Gondlu ಗೊಂಡ್ಲು Chul-jǒn-gaeng-i 줄전갱이 Rewa Kuluvel Maduthala Varayan-para കുലുവെല് മടുതള  വരയന് പാര വരയന് പാര  വറ്റ Kala bangada काळा बांगदा Bagat Bagat mamong Belukok Belukok putih Berkas Cupak Gerepoh Ikan puteh Jamah Karm kueh Kerepoh Kerepoh tai ayam Lalair (Brunei) Mamung Mayoh Nyior-nyior Pelata bali Pulas keladi Putih Rambai Repoh Selar Selusung Tai ayam Aheu Shestipolosyi karanks каранг шестиполосый Malauli-matalapo'a Shiiraan ilweyne Karambazi Kole-kole Omuri 'Omuri Babadlong Bulubukto Dulasan Kalapato Karis-karis Malilmango Maliputo Mamsa Manitis Muslo Pampano Pikat Pinkit Pulang buntot Sibo Simbad Talabkito Talakitok Cá Háo sáu sọc Cá Khế sáu sọc Caballa Jurel Jurel ojigordo Jurel ojo colorado Jurel ojo grande Jurel ojon Jurel ojón Jurel ojotón Jurel voraz Jurel voráz Jurelito Ojo colorado Ojón Adlo Anggatang Babakulan Bagudlong Bakulaw Bila-bila Brunsi Bulmangga ikun mutin Carangue chasseur Cchep Dan-Dau Dchep Digufanihandi Etam Gourou Guru Haluvimas Inguru parau Inguru parava Istah putih Kara voramua Koko mutin Komulo Korakali Lambiyan Langog Langug Liù dài shēn Lupo Lupolupo Momsa Moturu Muslo Nagboboguel Nyôômwâ Omuri Paanget tooang Pagapa Pinkit Repeneetam Repwópw Saraming Simba Simbad Talakitok Tamarong Tarakitok Tarakiton tailas Tarakito Te aseu Te barebue Te u Tooang Trakito Trukitok Tungap Tupatupa Ulingan Vated Vulong Yayúkúmaaw Yetam Yetam-chepop 六带鲹 六帶水珍 六帶鰺 大頜鰺 大颌鲹 大魚仔 甘仔 甘仔鱼 福氏鰺 福氏鲹 红目瓜仔 黃尻鰺 黄尻鲹 黑边鲹 黑邊鰺 Carangus carangus (non Bloch, 1793) Carangus elacate Jordan & Evermann, 1903 Carangus hippos (non Linnaeus, 1766) Carangus marginatus Gill, 1863 Carangus rhabdotus Jenkins, 1903 Caranx belengerii Cuvier, 1833 Caranx butuanensis Seale, 1910 Caranx carangus (non Bloch, 1793) Caranx elacate (Jordan & Evermann, 1903) Caranx flavocoeruleus Temminck & Schlegel, 1844 Caranx forsteri Cuvier, 1833 Caranx fosteri Cuvier, 1833 Caranx hippos (non Linnaeus, 1766) Caranx marginatus (Gill, 1863) Caranx oshimai Wakiya, 1924 Caranx paraspistes Richardson, 1848 Caranx peronii Cuvier, 1833 Caranx sexfaciatus Quoy & Gaimard, 1825 Caranx sexfaciatus elacate (Jordan & Evermann, 1903) Caranx sexfaciatus marginatus (Gill, 1863) Caranx tapeinosoma Bleeker, 1856 Caranx thompsoni Seale, 1905 Caranx xanthopygus Cuvier, 1833 1990-11-10 2018-04-23 Coppola, S.R., W. 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Walter0 Indigenous ecological knowledge and its role in fisheries research design: A case study from Roviana Lagoon, Western Province, Solomon Islands. SPC Traditional Marine Resource Management and Knowledge Information Bulletin 11:13-25. (Ref. 87846) May, D.0 Folk taxonomy of reef fish and the value of participatory monitoring in Wakatobi National Park, southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. SPC Traditional Marine Resource Management and Knowledge Information Bulletin 18: 18-35. (Ref. 87848) Randall, J.E. and A. Cea0 Shore fishes of Easter Island. University of Hawai'i Press, 164 p. (Ref. 89467) Bacchet, P., T. Zysman and Y. Lefèvre0 Guide des poissons de Tahiti et ses îles. Tahiti (Polynésie Francaise): Éditions Au Vent des Îles. 608 p. (Ref. 89972) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2012. (Ref. 90062) Allen, G.R. and M.V. Erdmann0 Reef fishes of the East Indies. 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Manila: Oceana Philippines, 48 p. http://ph.oceana.org/publications/reports/atong-tanon-atong-ampingan-fisheries-challenges-tanon-strait-protected-seascape. [accessed 27/09/16]. (Ref. 111386) Torres, F. Jr.0 Species list for the five municipalities in Southern Palawan. Personal Communication [31/03/17]. (Ref. 114805) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257) Saleh, M. and A. Soegianto0 Length-weight relations of pelagic fish species from eastern region of Java Sea, Indonesia. Acta Ichthyol. Piscat. 47(3):307-309. (Ref. 118192) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed May, 2018] (Ref. 118272) SCRFA, Science and Conservation of Fish Aggregations0 SCRFA database. Web online database. https://www.scrfa.org/database/: SCRFA. [2013-onwards]. (Ref. 118580) Palomares, M.L.D., R. Froese, B. Derrick, S.-L. Nöel, G. Tsui, J. Woroniak and D. Pauly0 A preliminary global assessment of the status of exploited marine fish and invertebrate populations. A report prepared by the Sea Around Us for OCEANA. The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, p. 64. (Ref. 118628) Tsuboi, M., W. van der Bijl, B.T. Kopperud, J. Erritzoe, K.L. Voje, A. Kotrschal, K.E. Yopak, S.P. Collin, A.N. Iwaniuk and N. Kolm0 Breakdown of brain-body allometry and the encephalization of birds and mammals. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 2:1495-1500. (Ref. 118717) Allen, G.R. and M.V. Erdmann0 Coral reef fishes of Timor-Leste. p. 33-82. In G.R. Allen and M.V. Erdmann (eds). A rapid biological assessment of Timor-Leste. Conservation International. (Ref. 118793) Wong, C.C., J.C. Drazen, C.K. Callan and K.E. Korsmeyer0 Hypoxia tolerance in coral-reef triggerfishes (Balistidae). Coral Reefs (2018) 37:215-225. (Ref. 119064) Wilson, K.D.P.0 Artificial reefs and reef fish in Hong Kong. Hong Kong: Friends of the Country Parks & Cosmos Books Ltd., 176p. (Ref. 119494) Songco, A.0 Personal communication. Tubbataha species list. Excel file "MyReport_Species_21May2019". (Ref. 121724) University of Western Australia0 Pelagic BRUVS data 2019. Video BRUVS from Jessica Meeuwig. (Ref. 121799) University of Western Australia0 Benthic BRUVS data 2019. Video BRUVS from Jessica Meeuwig. (Ref. 122752) Garcés, H.0 Lista sistemática preliminar de los peces marinos comerciales del Pacifico de Panama. Tecnociencia, 23(1):198-237. (Ref. 123526) Grove, J.S., D.J. Long, D.R. Robertson and B.C. Victor0 List of fishes of the Galapagos Archipelago, Ecuador. J. Ocean Sci. Found. 39:14-22. (Ref. 127348) Hazes, B.0 Hazes' underwater photos. Collection of Philippine underwater photos. Unpublished. (Ref. 127519) Ramani Shirantha, R R.A.0 A field guide to the fishes in freshwaters in Sri Lanka. Department of Wildlife Conservation, Colombo. XV + 502 pp. (Ref. 127520) To, A.W.L., K.S.H. Ching and S.K.H. Shea0 Hong Kong reef fish photo guide. Eco-Education and Resources Centre (Ref. 128523) Rongo, T. and R. van Woesik0 Ciguatera poisoning in Rarotonga, southern Cook Islands. Harmful Algae 10(2011):348-355. (Ref. 130160) Balisco, R.A.T., V.S. Ticzon, B.R. Samaniego, W.-C. Huang, B.J. Gonzales and T.-Y. Liao0 Marine fishes of Palawan, Philippines: species diversity, new records, and conservation status. Regional Studies in Marine Science 60(2023) 102825:1-10. (Ref. 130287) Chu, E. and D. Pauly0 The relationship between mean length at maturity and maximum length in coral reef fish. Fishes 9(4)[130]:1-18. (Ref. 131468) Muallil, R.N., A.M. Tambihasan, M.J. Enojario, R.T. Tarabasa, A.A. Habibuddin, A.S. Injani, M.A.T. Ammang, A.S. Aksa and C.L. Nañola Jr.0 Data on the length-weight relationship of 161 species of commercially important coral reef fishes in Tawi-Tawi islands, Southern Philippines. Data in Brief 50. (Ref. 132177) Béarez, P. and L. Bouffandeau0 Fishing for survival: The forgotten slaves of Tromelin Island (Indian Ocean). Int J Osteoarchaeol. 29:487-498. (Ref. 137464) Nair, P.N.R.0 Carangid resources of India. In V.N. Pillai and N.G. Menon (eds.), Marine fisheries research and management, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, pp. 317-348. (Ref. 137513) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) Petit-Marty, N., M. Vázquez-Luis and I.E. Hendriks0 Use of the nucleotide diversity in COI mitochondrial gene as an early diagnostic of conservation status of animal species. Conserv. Lett. 14(1):1-7. (Ref. 138103) FB-pic-1917-2301 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1995-01-07 2018-10-31 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1917 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Casex_u0.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Casex_u0.jpg FB-pic-1917-4926 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1995-07-07 1998-12-14 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1917 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Casex_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Casex_u0.gif FB-pic-1917-8429 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-02-14 2000-03-30 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1917 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription buoy off Honolulu Harbor Locality: Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaii. http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Casex_u1.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Casex_u1.jpg Locality: Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaii. FB-pic-1917-8430 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-02-14 2000-03-30 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1917 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Casex_u2.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Casex_u2.jpg FB-pic-1917-8431 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-02-14 2000-03-30 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1917 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution market; 2-3, Nov. 1983 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Casex_u3.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Casex_u3.jpg FB-pic-1917-8432 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-02-14 2008-07-25 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1917 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Casex_u5.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Casex_u5.jpg FB-pic-1917-44247 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Information Center Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences 2006-04-06 2006-04-07 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1917 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Casex_ua.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Casex_ua.jpg FB-pic-1917-53437 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Nicolas Bailly 2011-05-03 2012-06-13 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1917 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Casex_uc.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Casex_uc.jpg Locality: Twin Rocks, Verde Passage, Mabini, Batangas, Philippines. FB-GeneralDescr-1917 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-11-10 00:00:00 2025-09-10 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1917 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Adults inhabit coastal and oceanic waters associated with reefs (Ref. 9283, 58302). Pelagic at 1-96 m (Ref. 58302). They are often seen in large daytime schools but solitary at night when feeding (Ref. 90102). During the day they are usually seen milling in stationary aggregations (Ref. 44894), forming slow-moving schools in the passes or outside the reef (Ref. 4795). Juveniles may be encountered in estuaries (Ref. 9283, 44894), occasionally entering rivers and penetrating well inland (Ref. 2847, 44894). Adults feed mainly on fishes, squids and crustaceans (Ref. 9283, Ref. 90102). They are caught mainly on hook-and-line; also with gill nets, purse seines, and other artisanal gear (Ref. 9894). Marketed fresh, dried or salted (Ref. 9283) and frozen (Ref. 9987). Consumed broiled and baked (Ref. 9987). Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley 1989 Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p. (Ref. 7300) FB-DiagnosticDescr-1917 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-04-24 00:00:00 2019-01-24 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1917 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription This species is distinguished by the following characters: dorsal profile moderately convex anteriorly; adipose eyelid well developed, moderate anteriorly, posterior eyelid extends onto eye to rear border of pupil; gill rakers (including rudiments) 6-8 + 15-19 = 21-25; straight part of lateral line with 0-3 anterior scales followed by 27-36 strong, dark scutes; breast completely scaly; vertebrae 10+15; upper jaw with outer row of strong canines widely spaced in adults, and an inner band of small villiform teeth, widest at symphysis; on lower limb of first gill arch jaw with a single row of strong conical teeth widely spaced in adults. Colour in life with adults' head and body silvery olive to iridescent blue-green above, silvery olive to whitish below; small blackish spot, much smaller than pupil diameter, at upper angle of opercle (this spot evident on specimens of about 14 cm fork length); second dorsal fin olive to blackish, the lobe with a white tip (white tip becomes more obvious with increasing size) (Ref. 9894). Description: Anal and caudal fins yellowish to black; body oblong and compressed; ventral profile slightly convex; pectoral fins falcate; anal fin with 2 detached spines (Ref. 2334, 90102). Smith-Vaniz, W.F. 1999 Carangidae. Jacks and scads (also trevallies, queenfishes, runners, amberjacks, pilotfishes, pampanos, etc.). p. 2659-2756. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 4. Bony fishes part 2 (Mugilidae to Carangidae). Rome, FAO. 2069-2790 p. (Ref. 9894) FB-Morphology-1917 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1992-04-24 00:00:00 2019-01-24 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1917 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Dorsal spines (total): 9; Dorsal soft rays (total): 19 - 22; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 14 - 17; Vertebrae: 25 Smith-Vaniz, W.F. 1999 Carangidae. Jacks and scads (also trevallies, queenfishes, runners, amberjacks, pilotfishes, pampanos, etc.). p. 2659-2756. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 4. Bony fishes part 2 (Mugilidae to Carangidae). Rome, FAO. 2069-2790 p. (Ref. 9894) FB-Distribution-1917 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-11-10 00:00:00 2025-11-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1917 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa to Hawaii, north to southern Japan and the Ogasawara Islands, south to Australia and New Caledonia. Eastern Pacific: southwestern coast of Baja California Sur, Mexico and the Gulf of California to Ecuador and the Galapagos Islands (Ref. 9283). Fricke, R. 1999 Fishes of the Mascarene Islands (Réunion, Mauritius, Rodriguez): an annotated checklist, with descriptions of new species. Koeltz Scientific Books, Koenigstein, Theses Zoologicae, Vol. 31:759 p. (Ref. 33390) FB-Uses-1917 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-11-10 00:00:00 2025-09-10 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1917 fisheries: commercial; gamefish: yes Coppola, S.R., W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, N. Scialabba and K.E. Carpenter 1994 SPECIESDAB: Global species database for fishery purposes. User's manual. FAO Computerized Information Series (Fisheries). No. 9. Rome, FAO. 103 p. (Ref. 171) International Game Fish Association 1991 World record game fishes. International Game Fish Association, Florida, USA. (Ref. 4699) FB-Migration-1917 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-11-10 00:00:00 2025-09-10 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1917 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Amphidromous. Refers to fishes that regularly migrate between freshwater and the sea (in both directions), but not for the purpose of breeding, as in anadromous and catadromous species. Sub-division of diadromous. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.Characteristic elements in amphidromy are: reproduction in fresh water, passage to sea by newly hatched larvae, a period of feeding and growing at sea usually a few months long, return to fresh water of well-grown juveniles, a further period of feeding and growing in fresh water, followed by reproduction there (Ref. 82692). FB-TrophicStrategy-1917 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1992-12-02 00:00:00 2025-05-30 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public sexfasciatus http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Inhabits coral reefs (Refs. 58534, 9773), coastal and oceanic waters associated with reefs (Ref. 9283). Commonly encountered on the edge of coral reefs. Young occurs in brackish water areas out to deeper coastal waters. Juveniles may be encountered in estuaries (Ref. 9283, 44894), occasionally entering rivers and penetrating well inland (Ref. 2847, 44894). Adults are found in coral reefs and are mostly active at night or during twilight periods. During the day they are usually seen milling in stationary aggregations (Ref. 44894). Occasionally enters rivers (Ref. 9283). Forms slow-moving schools in the passes or outside the reef during the day, dispersing at night to feed (Ref. 4795). Most feeding occurs at night or during twilight (Ref. 54301). Piscivore (Ref. 57615). Feeds mainly on fishes and crustaceans (Refs. 9283, 9773, 137513). Hunting predator (Ref. 9773). Honebrink, R. 1990 Fishing in Hawaii: a student manual. Education Program, Division of Aquatic Resources, Honolulu, Hawaii. 79 p. (Ref. 4887) FB-Size-1917 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-11-10 00:00:00 2025-09-10 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1917 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat 120 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 9987)); max. published weight: 18.0 kg (Ref. 9987); max. reported age: 11 years (Ref. 82366) Frimodt, C. 1995 Multilingual illustrated guide to the world's commercial warmwater fish. Fishing News Books, Osney Mead, Oxford, England. 215 p. (Ref. 9987) Frimodt, C. 1995 Multilingual illustrated guide to the world's commercial warmwater fish. Fishing News Books, Osney Mead, Oxford, England. 215 p. (Ref. 9987) Fry, G.C., D.T. Brewer and W.N. Venables 2006 Vulnerability of deepwater demersal fishes to commercial fishing: Evidence from a study around a tropical volcanic seamount in Papua New Guinea. Fish. Res. 81:126-141. (Ref. 82366) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ FAO General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Diseases-1917-676 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-01-08 00:00:00 2003-01-08 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=1917&StockCode=2113 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Caligus Infestation 13. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Ho, J.S. and C.L. Lin 2001 Sea lice (Copepoda, Caligidae) parasitic on carangid fishes of Taiwan. Fish. Soc. Taiwan 28(3):177-201. (Ref. 44904) FB-Diseases-1917-474 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2002-10-07 00:00:00 2002-10-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=1917&StockCode=2113 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Caligus Infestation 6. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Arthur, J.R. and S. Lumanlan-Mayo 1997 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of the Philippines. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. 369, 102 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 26129) FB-Habitat-1917 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-11-10 00:00:00 2025-09-10 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1917 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution reef-associated; amphidromous; freshwater; brackish; marine; depth range 0 - 146 m (Ref. 57178) Ocean Biogeographic Information System 2006 OBIS-extracted Depth Data. Harvested by E.Agbayani July 2006 at www.iobis.org. (Ref. 57178)