FB-2062 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2062 Animalia Chordata Elasmobranchii Torpediniformes Torpedinidae Torpedo Torpedo torpedo (Linnaeus, 1758) Dretwa pawik Tremão Tremedeira Tremelga Tremelga de olhos Tremelga-de-olhos Trememão Peshk elektrik Peshk elektrik i zakonshëm Peshk elektrik me njolla Râaad Elektrický rejnok obecný Tremajo Tremula Almindelig elrokke Elektrisk rokke Augenfleckzitterrochen Augenfleck-Zitterrochen Gefleckter Zitterrochen Zitterrochen Common torpedo Cramp ray Crampfish Eyed electric ray Ocellate torpedo Ocellated torpedo Silmlaik-elektrirai Suursilm-elektrirai Sähkörausku Dourmillouse Galina Torpille à taches Torpille ocellée Torpille tachetée Tremoulina Troupiale à taches ocellée Drhtulja Renjok Trn Hrökkviskata Arcisa Crampo Strompigliola Tremmula liscia Tremmula ucchiata Tremoixe Tremoja Tremola Torpedine Torpedine occhiuta Torpedine ocellata Tremolo Tremolo ocià Tremula Tremula ucchiuta Tremulina Triemele Trimmola Trippina Trompigliola Shibire-ei Haddiela Haddiela mtebba' Haddiela ta' l'ghajnejn Haddiela tal-ghajn Drhtulja Darrocka Elektriskrocka Flerfläckig Darrocka Flerflåding darrocka Benekli elektrik balığı Beneklielektrik balığı Benekliuyuşturan balığı Elektrik baligi Uyusturan Meudj mbenjann Baca Formigón Ortiga Tembla Tembladeras Temblador Temblera Temblón Trembladora Tremielga Tremielga de ojos Tremolina Tremolina común Tremuló Trimielga Vaca Vaca trembladora Gevlekte sidderrog Matomoudiastra Moudiástra Narki Pegasti električni skat Peste electric Reguat argil Sidderrog Torpila Vaca comuna Μάργα Μαργωτήρα Ματομουδιάστρα Μουδιάστρα 电鳐 睛斑电鳐 睛斑電鰩 電鰩 Narcacion torpedo (Linnaeus, 1758) Raja torpedo Linnaeus, 1758 Torpedo narce Risso, 1810 Torpedo narke Delaroche, 1809 Torpedo narke Risso, 1810 Torpedo ocellata Rafinesque, 1810 Torpedo oculata Davy, 1834 Torpedo unimaculata Risso, 1810 1991-01-18 2018-09-05 Breder, C.M. and D.E. 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Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2062 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Totor_u1.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Totor_u1.gif FB-GeneralDescr-2062 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-01-18 00:00:00 2018-09-05 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2062 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Found on soft bottoms, usually inshore but occasionally deeper. Feeds on small fishes and also benthic invertebrates. Ovoviviparous, with 3-21 in a litter (Ref. 12951, Ref. 114953). Size at birth 9 cm (Ref. 12951). Capable of inflicting a severe shock of up to 200 volts. Bauchot, M.-L. 1987 Raies et autres batoides. p. 845-886. In W. Fischer, M.L. Bauchot and M. Schneider (eds.) Fiches FAO d'identificationpour les besoins de la pêche. (rev. 1). Mèditerranée et mer Noire. Zone de pêche 37. Vol. II. Commission des Communautés Européennes and FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3261) FB-Distribution-2062 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-01-18 00:00:00 2022-05-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2062 Eastern Atlantic: southern Bay of Biscay and throughout the Mediterranean to Angola. Most common in tropical waters. Bauchot, M.-L. 1987 Raies et autres batoides. p. 845-886. In W. Fischer, M.L. Bauchot and M. Schneider (eds.) Fiches FAO d'identificationpour les besoins de la pêche. (rev. 1). Mèditerranée et mer Noire. Zone de pêche 37. Vol. II. Commission des Communautés Européennes and FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3261) FB-Uses-2062 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-01-18 00:00:00 2018-09-05 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2062 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size fisheries: of no interest; aquarium: public aquariums Coppola, S.R., W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, N. Scialabba and K.E. Carpenter 1994 SPECIESDAB: Global species database for fishery purposes. User's manual. FAO Computerized Information Series (Fisheries). No. 9. Rome, FAO. 103 p. Michael, S.W. 1993 Reef sharks and rays of the world. A guide to their identification, behavior, and ecology. Sea Challengers, Monterey, California. 107 p. (Ref. 12951) FB-LifeCycle-2062 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-01-18 00:00:00 2018-09-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=2062&StockCode=2257 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) FB-TrophicStrategy-2062 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1997-09-29 00:00:00 2004-06-24 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public torpedo http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Found on soft bottoms, usually inshore but occasionally deeper. Feeds on small fishes and also benthic invertebrates. Abdel-Aziz, S.H. 1994 Observations on the biology of the common torpedo (<i>Torpedo torpedo</i>, Linnaeus, 1758) and marbled electric ray (<i>Torpedo marmorata</i>, risso, 1810) from the Egyptian Mediterranean waters. Aust. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 45(4):693-704. (Ref. 13417) FB-Size-2062 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-01-18 00:00:00 2018-09-05 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2062 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution 60.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 13417)); 41 cm TL (female) Abdel-Aziz, S.H. 1994 Observations on the biology of the common torpedo (<i>Torpedo torpedo</i>, Linnaeus, 1758) and marbled electric ray (<i>Torpedo marmorata</i>, risso, 1810) from the Egyptian Mediterranean waters. Aust. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 45(4):693-704. (Ref. 13417) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-2062 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-01-18 00:00:00 2018-09-05 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2062 demersal; marine; depth range 2 - 400 m (Ref. 4430), usually ? - 70 m (Ref. 27000) Capapé, C. and M. Desoutter 1990 Torpedinidae. p. 55-58. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 4430) Reiner, F. 1996 Catálogo dos peixes do arquipélago de Cabo Verde. Publ. Avuls. Inst. Port. Invest. Mar. 2:339 p. (Ref. 27000)