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	<dc:identifier>FB-23606</dc:identifier>
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	<dwc:Kingdom>Animalia</dwc:Kingdom>
	<dwc:Phylum>Chordata</dwc:Phylum>
	<dwc:Class>Teleostei</dwc:Class>
	<dwc:Order>Cypriniformes</dwc:Order>
	<dwc:Family>Cyprinidae</dwc:Family>
	<dwc:Genus>Luciobarbus</dwc:Genus>
	<dwc:ScientificName>Luciobarbus steindachneri (Almaça, 1967)</dwc:ScientificName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Escalo-do-Sul</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='cs'>Jelec pyrenejský</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Iberian-Chub</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='et'>Pürenee turb</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='es'>Bordallo</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='es'>Cacho</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='es'>Cachuelo</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>核雅罗鱼</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>核雅羅魚</commonName>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Leuciscus pyrenaicus Günther, 1868</synonym>
	<dcterms:created>1996-06-01</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-05-22</dcterms:modified>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=11237&amp;speccode=23607'>Almaça, C.0 Freshwater fish and their conservation in Portugal. Biol. Conserv. 72:125-127. (Ref. 11237)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=11240&amp;speccode=23607'>Elvira, B.0 Conservation status of endemic freshwater fish in Spain. Biol. Conserv. 72:129-136. (Ref. 11240)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=13696&amp;speccode=23607'>Kottelat, M.0 European freshwater fishes. An heuristic checklist of the freshwater fishes of Europe (exclusive of former USSR), with an introduction for non-systematists and comments on nomenclature and conservation. Biologia, Bratislava, 52/Suppl. 5:1-271. (Ref. 13696)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=26100&amp;speccode=23607'>Crivelli, A.J.0 The freshwater fish endemic to the Mediterranean region. An action plan for their conservation. Tour du Valat Publication, 171 p. (Ref. 26100)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=27858&amp;speccode=23607'>Elvira, B., G.G. Nicola and A. Almodovar0 Pike and red swamp crayfish: a new case on predator-prey relationship between aliens in central Spain. J. Fish Biol. 48(3):437-446. (Ref. 27858)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=28035&amp;speccode=23607'>Coelho, M.M., N.G. Bogutskaya, J.A. Rodrigues and M.J. Collares-Pereira0 &lt;i&gt;Leuciscus torgalensis&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;L. aradensis&lt;/i&gt;, two new cyprinids from Portuguese fresh waters. J. Fish Biol. 52(5):937-950. (Ref. 28035)</reference>
	<reference isbn='957-8596-59-6' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31517&amp;speccode=23607'>Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31982&amp;speccode=23607'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=32724&amp;speccode=23607'>Elvira, B.0 Iberian endemic freshwater fishes and their conservation status in Spain. J. Fish Biol. 37(Suppl.A):231-232. (Ref. 32724)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=35508&amp;speccode=23607'>Anonymous0 The icthyological collection of the Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH). Division of Ichthyology and Herpetology, Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH). (Ref. 35508)</reference>
	<reference isbn='84-931926-0-0.' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=39531&amp;speccode=23607'>Crespo, J., J. Gajate and R. Ponce0 Clasificación científica e identificación de nombres vernáculos existentes en la base de datos de seguimiento informático de recursos naturales oceánicos. Instituto Español de Oceanografia, Madrid, Spain. 414 p. (Ref. 39531)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=41268&amp;speccode=23607'>Pires, A.M., I.G. Cowx and M.M. Coelho0 Life history strategy of &lt;i&gt;Leuciscus pyrenaicus&lt;/i&gt; (Cyprinidae) in intermittent streams of the Guadiana basin (Portugal). Cybium 24(3):287-297. (Ref. 41268)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=43427&amp;speccode=23607'>Leeke, P.B.0 List of common names of fishes in Portugal. Personal communication, August 21, 2002. (Ref. 43427)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=47108&amp;speccode=23607'>Geraldes, A.M. and M.J. Collares-Pereira0 Preliminary insight into age and growth of the Iberian chub (&lt;i&gt;Leuciscus pyrenaicus&lt;/i&gt;) in the Sorraia system. Folia Zool. 44(2):159-165. (Ref. 47108)</reference>
	<reference isbn='80-7036-139-5' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51055&amp;speccode=23607'>Hanel, L. and J. Novák0 České názvy zivočichů V. Ryby a ryboviti obratlovci (Pisces) 3., maloústí (Gonorhynchiformes) - máloostní (Cypriniformes). Národní muzeum (zoologické oddělení), Praha. (Ref. 51055)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=52191&amp;speccode=23607'>He, J.X. and D.J. Stewart0 Age and size at first reproduction of fishes: predictive models based on growth trajectories. Ecology 82:784-792. (Ref. 52191)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=52209&amp;speccode=23607'>Fernández-Delgado, C. and M. Herrera0 Age structure, growth and reproduction of &lt;i&gt;Leuciscus pyrenaicus&lt;/i&gt; in an intermittent stream in the Guadalquivir river basin, southern Spain. J. Fish Biol. 46(3):371-380. (Ref. 52209)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57074&amp;speccode=23607'>Ribeiro, F., R. Beldade, M. Dix and J. Bochechas0 Carta piscícola Nacional Direcçao Geral dos Recursos Florestais-Fluviatilis, Lda. http://www.fluviatilis.com/dgf/?nologin=true. Publicação electrónica (versão 12/2005). Accessed 19 July 2006. (Ref. 57074)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57751&amp;speccode=23607'>Eschmeyer, W.N. (ed.)0 Catalog of fishes. Updated database Intermet version of November 2006. http://www.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/ (Ref. 57751)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=58108&amp;speccode=23607'>Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108)</reference>
	<reference isbn='978-2-8399-0298-4' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=59043&amp;speccode=23607'>Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof0 Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=59097&amp;speccode=23607'>Miranda, E., J. Oscoz, P.M. Leunda and M.C. Escala0 Weight-length relationships of cyprinid fishes of the Iberian Peninsula. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 22:297-298. (Ref. 59097)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=83882&amp;speccode=23607'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2010. (Ref. 83882)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=90062&amp;speccode=23607'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2012. (Ref. 90062)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=95632&amp;speccode=23607'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, April 2014. (Ref. 95632)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=101110&amp;speccode=23607'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=105471&amp;speccode=23607'>eElurikkus0 eElurikkus koondab ühte portaali Eesti eluslooduse andmed. http://elurikkus.ut.ee/ (Ref. 105471)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=119049&amp;speccode=23607'>Antunes, C., F. Cobo and M.J. Araujo0 Iberian inland fisheries. p. 268-282. In J.F. Craig (ed.).  Freshwater Fisheries Ecology. John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd. 899p. (Ref. 119049)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=130435&amp;speccode=23607'>IUCN0 The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1964 - onwards. https://www.iucnredlist.org/ (Ref. 130435)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=138297&amp;speccode=23607'>Ordeix, M. and F. Casals0 Why and when do freshwater fish migrate? Observations of migration patterns of the native fishes from the Iberian Peninsula (SW Europe). Limnetica 43(1):9-28. (Ref. 138297)</reference><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Adults occur in rivers and marshlands (Ref. 26100).  An ubiquitous species which inhabits small to medium-sized streams with Mediterranean water regime.  May be confined to very small pools during summer.  Adults feed mainly on small arthropods.  They spawn on stone to gravel bottom in shallow riffle habitats with fast-flowing water.  Involved in the Iberocypris alburnoides hybrid complex (Ref. 59043).  Threatened due to pollution, habitat destruction and the introduction of other species (Ref. 26100).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='978-2-8399-0298-4' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=59043&amp;speccode=23607'>Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof 2007 Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Differs from its congeners in Iberian Peninsula by the following characters:  37-42 + 2-3 scales on lateral line; 3-5 scale rows between lateral line and pelvic origin; infraorbital bones broad, width of infraorbitals 2 and 5 about 4-5 times width of sensory canal on same bones; a black crescentic mark on scale pocket of each flank scale (often indistinct in life); head length about equal to body depth; caudal peduncle depth usually 2.0-2.6 times in its length; and mouth terminal, snout pointed (Ref. 59043).  Other diagnostic features include communication preopercular-mandibular and infraorbital canals present; and supraethmoid wide and short (Ref. 28035).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=28035&amp;speccode=23607'>Coelho, M.M., N.G. Bogutskaya, J.A. Rodrigues and M.J. Collares-Pereira 1998 &lt;i&gt;Leuciscus torgalensis&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;L. aradensis&lt;/i&gt;, two new cyprinids from Portuguese fresh waters. J. Fish Biol. 52(5):937-950. (Ref. 28035)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Dorsal soft rays (total): 6 - 9; Analsoft rays: 7 - 9; Vertebrae: 37 - 40</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=28035&amp;speccode=23607'>Coelho, M.M., N.G. Bogutskaya, J.A. Rodrigues and M.J. Collares-Pereira 1998 &lt;i&gt;Leuciscus torgalensis&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;L. aradensis&lt;/i&gt;, two new cyprinids from Portuguese fresh waters. J. Fish Biol. 52(5):937-950. (Ref. 28035)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Europe:  Iberian Peninsula from Tagus and lower Ebro drainages southward; missing  in Mediterranean slope between Mijares and Vinalopo drainages (present in the upper Jucar) and between  Guadaiza and Guadiaro drainages near Malaga.  Possibly introduced in Ebro drainages.</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='978-2-8399-0298-4' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=59043&amp;speccode=23607'>Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof 2007 Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>gamefish: yes</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=26100&amp;speccode=23607'>Crivelli, A.J. 1996 The freshwater fish endemic to the Mediterranean region. An action plan for their conservation. Tour du Valat Publication, 171 p. (Ref. 26100)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Potamodromous. Migrating within streams, migratory in rivers, e.g. Saliminus, Moxostoma, Labeo.  Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=138297&amp;speccode=23607'>Ordeix, M. and F. Casals 2024 Why and when do freshwater fish migrate? Observations of migration patterns of the native fishes from the Iberian Peninsula (SW Europe). Limnetica 43(1):9-28. (Ref. 138297)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:title>Max. size</dc:title>
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	<dc:description>26.0 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 59043)); max. reported age: 7 years (Ref. 41268)</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='978-2-8399-0298-4' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=59043&amp;speccode=23607'>Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof 2007 Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=41268&amp;speccode=23607'>Pires, A.M., I.G. Cowx and M.M. Coelho 2000 Life history strategy of &lt;i&gt;Leuciscus pyrenaicus&lt;/i&gt; (Cyprinidae) in intermittent streams of the Guadiana basin (Portugal). Cybium 24(3):287-297. (Ref. 41268)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073'>IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Habitat-23607</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Armi G. Torres</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1996-06-01 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2025-11-25 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Environment</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=23607</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat</subject>
	<dc:description>benthopelagic; potamodromous (Ref. 138297); freshwater</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=138297&amp;speccode=23607'>Ordeix, M. and F. Casals 2024 Why and when do freshwater fish migrate? Observations of migration patterns of the native fishes from the Iberian Peninsula (SW Europe). Limnetica 43(1):9-28. (Ref. 138297)</reference></dataObject>
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