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	<dc:identifier>FB-24489</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=24489</dc:source>
	<dwc:Kingdom>Animalia</dwc:Kingdom>
	<dwc:Phylum>Chordata</dwc:Phylum>
	<dwc:Class>Teleostei</dwc:Class>
	<dwc:Order>Cypriniformes</dwc:Order>
	<dwc:Family>Psilorhynchidae</dwc:Family>
	<dwc:Genus>Psilorhynchus</dwc:Genus>
	<dwc:ScientificName>Psilorhynchus balitora (Hamilton, 1822)</dwc:ScientificName>
	<commonName xml:lang='bn'>Balitora</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='bn'>বালিচুরা</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Rainbow minnow</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Spotted stone carp</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='et'>Viker-mägirünt</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>細裸吻魚</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>细裸吻鱼</commonName>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Psilorhynchus gracilis Rainboth, 1983</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Psilorhynchus sucatio nudithoracicus Tilak &amp; Husain, 1980</synonym>
	<dcterms:created>1996-07-18</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2020-01-10</dcterms:modified>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=1479&amp;speccode=24490'>Rahman, A.K.A.0 Freshwater fishes of Bangladesh. Zoological Society of Bangladesh. Department of Zoology, University of Dhaka. 364 p. (Ref. 1479)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4832&amp;speccode=24490'>Talwar, P.K. and A.G. Jhingran0 Inland fishes of India and adjacent countries. vol 1. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam. i-liv + 1-541, 1 map (Ref. 4832)</reference>
	<reference isbn='957-8596-59-6' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31517&amp;speccode=24490'>Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=38732&amp;speccode=24490'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=58108&amp;speccode=24490'>Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=79816&amp;speccode=24490'>Conway, K.W. and R.L. Mayden0 Description of two new species of &lt;i&gt;Psilorhynchus&lt;/i&gt; (Ostariophysi: Psilorhynchidae) and redescription of &lt;i&gt;P. balitora&lt;/i&gt;. Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwat. 19(3):215-232. (Ref. 79816)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=85009&amp;speccode=24490'>Shrestha, T.K.0 Ichthyology of Nepal: a study of fishes of the Himalayan waters. Kathmandu : Himalayan Ecosphere, 388 p., [104] p. of plates : col. ill., col. maps ; 23 cm. (Ref. 85009)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=93866&amp;speccode=24490'>Conway, K.W., D.E. Dittmer, L.E. Jezisek and H.H. Ng0 On &lt;i&gt;Psilorhynchus sucatio&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;P. nudithoracicus&lt;/i&gt;, with the description of a new species of &lt;i&gt;Psilorhynchus&lt;/i&gt; from northeastern India (Ostariophysi: Psilorhynchidae). Zootaxa 3686(2):201-243. (Ref. 93866)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=95676&amp;speccode=24490'>Lalramliana, B. Solo, S. Lalronunga and Lalnuntluanga0 &lt;i&gt;Psilorhynchus khopai&lt;/i&gt;, a new fish species (Teleostei: Psilorhynchidae) from Mizoram, northeastern India. Zootaxa 3793(2):264-272. (Ref. 95676)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=102605&amp;speccode=24490'>Lalramliana, [N.], [N.] Lalnuntluanga and S. Lalronunga0 &lt;i&gt;Psilorhynchus kaladanensis&lt;/i&gt;, a new species (Teleostei: Psilorhynchidae) from Mizoram, northeastern India. Zootaxa 3962(1):171-178. (Ref. 102605)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=105471&amp;speccode=24490'>eElurikkus0 eElurikkus koondab ühte portaali Eesti eluslooduse andmed. http://elurikkus.ut.ee/ (Ref. 105471)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=130435&amp;speccode=24490'>IUCN0 The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1964 - onwards. https://www.iucnredlist.org/ (Ref. 130435)</reference><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-GeneralDescr-24490</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Armi G. Torres</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1996-07-18 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2016-09-02 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Biology</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=24490</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat</subject>
	<dc:description>Occurs over small pebbles in shallow running waters where the bottom is mainly sand (Ref. 4832).  Also found in a slow moving stream with a sandy bed (Ref. 93866).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=93866&amp;speccode=24490'>Conway, K.W., D.E. Dittmer, L.E. Jezisek and H.H. Ng 2013 On &lt;i&gt;Psilorhynchus sucatio&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;P. nudithoracicus&lt;/i&gt;, with the description of a new species of &lt;i&gt;Psilorhynchus&lt;/i&gt; from northeastern India (Ostariophysi: Psilorhynchidae). Zootaxa 3686(2):201-243. (Ref. 93866)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-DiagnosticDescr-24490</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Armi G. Torres</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2014-12-19 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2017-03-04 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title></dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>Robbie N. Cada</dcterms:rightsHolder>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=24490</dc:source>
	<subject></subject>
	<dc:description>Differs from other species of Psilorhynchus by the presence of large and flap-like skin folds at the lateral corner of the mouth, which reach further posteriorly than the lower jaw cushion and are covered in large 'head of cauliflower' papillae (vs. skin folds not reaching past posteriormost part of lower jaw cushion, non-papilliated or with small dome-like papillae).  Can be further diagnosed from other members of P. nudithoracicus species group by the possession of the following characters:  two dorsal saddles positioned at dorsal-fin origin; L+2 row present, composed of 5-10 obvious dark brown blotches; mostly 17+17 vertebrae.  Can be further separated from P. melissa by its dorsal fin with irregular dark brown or black margins (vs. dorsal fin marked with a dark brown or black band along distal edge); from P. robustus by having dorsal saddles posterior to the dorsal fin poorly developed (vs. dorsal saddles posterior to the dorsal fin well-developed), and by having the anteriormost lateral blotch equal in size or smaller than more posterior blotches (vs. anteriormost lateral blotch larger than more posterior blotches), and from P. tenure by having 9-10+9 principal caudal-fin rays (vs. 9+8); caudal peduncle length 9-13% SL (vs. 14-16% SL); presence (vs. absence) of a short mandibular canal along the anguloarticular; and presence (vs. absence) of a series of indistinct horizontal rows formed by small dark brown spots on the scales above and below the lateral line scale row (Ref. 93866).Description:  Dorsal-fin rays iii.9  or iii.10; anal-fin rays ii.6; pectora-finl rays iv.10, iv.11, iv.12, v.10, v.11 or v.12; pelvic-fin rays ii.7 or ii.8 (Ref. 93866).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=93866&amp;speccode=24490'>Conway, K.W., D.E. Dittmer, L.E. Jezisek and H.H. Ng 2013 On &lt;i&gt;Psilorhynchus sucatio&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;P. nudithoracicus&lt;/i&gt;, with the description of a new species of &lt;i&gt;Psilorhynchus&lt;/i&gt; from northeastern India (Ostariophysi: Psilorhynchidae). Zootaxa 3686(2):201-243. (Ref. 93866)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Morphology-24490</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Armi G. Torres</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2014-12-19 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2017-03-04 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title></dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
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	<dcterms:rightsHolder>John E. Randall</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=24490</dc:source>
	<subject></subject>
	<dc:description>Dorsal soft rays (total): 12 - 13; Analsoft rays: 8; Vertebrae: 34</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=93866&amp;speccode=24490'>Conway, K.W., D.E. Dittmer, L.E. Jezisek and H.H. Ng 2013 On &lt;i&gt;Psilorhynchus sucatio&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;P. nudithoracicus&lt;/i&gt;, with the description of a new species of &lt;i&gt;Psilorhynchus&lt;/i&gt; from northeastern India (Ostariophysi: Psilorhynchidae). Zootaxa 3686(2):201-243. (Ref. 93866)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Distribution-24490</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Armi G. Torres</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1996-07-18 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2025-11-06 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=24490</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription</subject>
	<dc:description>Asia:  Ganges River drainage in Bangladesh, India and Nepal; Brahmaputra River drainage in Bangladesh and India; and Meghna and Sungu River drainages in Bangladesh and India.</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=93866&amp;speccode=24490'>Conway, K.W., D.E. Dittmer, L.E. Jezisek and H.H. Ng 2013 On &lt;i&gt;Psilorhynchus sucatio&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;P. nudithoracicus&lt;/i&gt;, with the description of a new species of &lt;i&gt;Psilorhynchus&lt;/i&gt; from northeastern India (Ostariophysi: Psilorhynchidae). Zootaxa 3686(2):201-243. (Ref. 93866)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Uses-24490</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Armi G. Torres</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1996-07-18 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2016-09-02 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Importance</dc:title>
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	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=24490</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology</subject>
	<dc:description>fisheries: of no interest</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4832&amp;speccode=24490'>Talwar, P.K. and A.G. Jhingran 1991 Inland fishes of India and adjacent countries. vol 1. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam. i-liv + 1-541, 1 map (Ref. 4832)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Size-24490</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Armi G. Torres</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1996-07-18 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2016-09-02 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Max. size</dc:title>
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	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
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	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=24490</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution</subject>
	<dc:description>8.4 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 102605))</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=102605&amp;speccode=24490'>Lalramliana, [N.], [N.] Lalnuntluanga and S. Lalronunga 2015 &lt;i&gt;Psilorhynchus kaladanensis&lt;/i&gt;, a new species (Teleostei: Psilorhynchidae) from Mizoram, northeastern India. Zootaxa 3962(1):171-178. (Ref. 102605)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Belen Acosta</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1990-10-18 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-03-07 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses</subject>
	<dc:description>Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073'>IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Habitat-24490</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Armi G. Torres</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1996-07-18 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2016-09-02 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Environment</dc:title>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=24490</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size</subject>
	<dc:description>demersal; freshwater</dc:description>
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