FB-247 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=247 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Salmoniformes Salmonidae Salvelinus Salvelinus alpinus (Linnaeus, 1758) Bekkeror Bekkerøye Bekkerøyr Azad Mahi Cheshmahi Pstrag zrodlany Truta-das-fontes Beekforel Trofta e artë Trofta e artë e përrenjve Trofta e përrenjve Siven Siven americký Sivon potocny Masamek Masamekos Masamekw Masumèk Torgoch afon Kildeorred Kildeørred Amerikanischer bachsaibling Amerikanischer saibling Bachsaibling Elsässer saibling Tiegerfisch American brook charr American brook trout Aurora trout Baiser Breeder Brook char Brook charr Brook trout Brookie Char Coaster Common brook trout Eastern brook trout Eastern speckled trout Humpbacked trout Lord-fish Mountain trout Mud trout Native trout Salter Sea trout Slob Speckled char Speckled trout Specks Squaretailed trout Squaretail Square-tail Trout Whitefin Ameerika paalia Puronieriä Omble de fontaine Saumon de fontaine Truite Truite de mer Truite mouchetée Pataki szajbling Lindableikja Âait Aanaatlik Aanak Anuk Ana Âna Anakleq Anokik I ha luk Iqaluk Iqaluk tasirsiutik Salmerino di fontaine Salmerino di fontana Salmerino di fonte Kawamasu Amerikanski goletz Amerikanskiy golets американская малоротая палия форель ручьевая Kanadska pastrva Potocna zlatovcica Sivon americký Bäckröding Kaynak alabalığı Salvelino Trucha de arroyo trucha salmonada Bronforel Fântânel Giigaq Pastrav fântânel Potočna zlatovčica Salvelinos Σαλβελίνος ماهي آزاد چشمه اي 溪斑鮭 溪斑鲑 美洲紅點鮭(溪紅點鮭) 美洲红点鲑(溪红点鲑) 蒂馬紅點鮭 蒂马红点鲑 Baione fontinalis (Mitchill, 1814) Salmo canadensis Griffith & Smith, 1834 Salmo fontinalis Mitchill, 1814 Salmo hudsonicus Suckley, 1861 Salvelinus fontinalis timagamiensis Henn & Rinckenbach, 1925 Salvelinus timagamiensis Henn & Rinckenbach, 1925 1990-10-17 2019-07-03 ASIH (American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists)0 Ontogeny and systematics of fishes. 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(Ref. 120606) Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources0 Lake Michigan Game Fish - Life Histories. https://dnr.wi.gov/topic/fishing/lakemichigan/LifeHistories.html. Accessed on 31 August 2019. (Ref. 120882) Marčeta, B. and K. Pliberšek (eds)0 BiosWeb. Biological database of the Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia. Ljubljana, Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia, 2014. (www.biosweb.org. updated 13/04/2023). (Ref. 128520) IUCN0 The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1964 - onwards. https://www.iucnredlist.org/ (Ref. 130435) Whiteley, A.R., B.E. Penaluna, E.B. Taylor, S. Weiss, A. Abadia-Cardoso, D. Gomez-Uchida, I. Koizumi and P. Trotter0 Trout and char: Taxonomy, systematics, and phylogeography. In Kershner, J.L., J.E. Williams, R.E. Gresswell and J. Lobón-Cerviá. Trout and char of the World, pp. 95-140. (Ref. 130810) Simian, G., D. Abraham, N. Bailly, P. Béarez, F. Urtizberea, A. Perrot, H. Goraguer, R. Langlois, P. Daszkiewicz, F. Teletchea, S. Tercerie and G. Denys0 Checklist of fishes from the Saint-Pierre and Miquelon archipelago. Cybium 46(4):371-384. (Ref. 132183) WDNR, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources0 Wisconsin Fish Species List.. World Wide Web electronic publication, Accessed 05 Oct. 2024. Madison (USA, WI): Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, 6 p. https://dnr.wisconsin.gov/sites/default/files/topic/Fishing/Species_wifish.pdf (Ref. 132215) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) FB-pic-246-27169 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Thorke A.S. Østergaard 2000-07-03 2000-07-21 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=246 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Safon_m0.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Safon_m0.jpg FB-GeneralDescr-246 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2019-05-17 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=246 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Occurs in clear, cool, well-oxygenated creeks, small to medium rivers, and lakes (Ref. 5723, 86798). Nerito-pelagic (Ref. 58426). Anadromous in some populations (Ref. 86798). In its native range, general upstream movements have been observed in early spring, summer and late fall; downstream movements, in late spring and fall (Ref. 28546, 28548, 28549, 28550). Some fish, popularly known as salters, run to the sea in the spring as stream temperature rises, but never venture more than a few kilometers from river mouths. It may remain at sea for up to three months (Ref. 28546, 28549, 28551). Feeds on a wide range of organisms including worms, leeches, crustaceans, insects (chironomids, caddisflies, blackflies, mayflies, stoneflies and dragonflies (Ref. 5951), mollusks, fishes and amphibians (Ref. 3348, 10294); also small mammals (Ref. 1998). Stomachs of some individuals contained traces of plant remains (Ref. 1998). There are reports of introduced fish reaching 15 years of age in California, USA (Ref. 28545). Cultured for food and for stocking (Ref. 27547). Extensively used as an experimental animal (Ref. 1998). Marketed fresh and smoked; eaten fried, broiled, boiled, microwaved, and baked (Ref. 9988). Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr 2011 A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Boston : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 663p. (Ref. 86798) FB-DiagnosticDescr-246 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1995-09-25 00:00:00 2005-01-24 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=246 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Distinguished by the combination of dark green marbling on its back and dorsal fin and by the red spots with blue halos on its sides (Ref. 27547). Pelvic fins with axillary process; caudal nearly straight or with a shallow indentation (Ref. 27547). Color varies, but generally rather green to brownish on back, marked with paler vermiculations or marbling that extend onto the dorsal fin and sometimes the caudal; sides lighter than back, marked with numerous pale spots and some red spots, each of the latter surrounded by a blue halo; anal, pelvic and pectoral fins with a white leading edge followed by a dark stripe, the rest of the fins reddish (Ref. 27547). In spawning fish the lower sides and fins become red (Ref. 27547). Sea-run fish are dark green above with silvery sides, white bellies and very pale pink spots (Ref. 27547). Caudal fin with 19 rays (Ref. 2196). Keith, P. and J. Allardi (coords.) 2001 Atlas des poissons d'eau douce de France. Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. Patrimoines naturels, 47:1-387. (Ref. 40476) FB-Morphology-246 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1995-09-25 00:00:00 2005-01-24 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=246 Dorsal spines (total): 3 - 4; Dorsal soft rays (total): 8 - 14; Anal spines: 3 - 4; Analsoft rays: 8 - 14; Vertebrae: 58 - 62 Keith, P. and J. Allardi (coords.) 2001 Atlas des poissons d'eau douce de France. Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. Patrimoines naturels, 47:1-387. (Ref. 40476) FB-Distribution-246 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2025-04-16 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=246 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size North America: native to most of eastern Canada from Newfoundland and Labrador to western side of Hudson Bay; south in Atlantic, Great Lakes, and Mississippi River basins to Minnesota and northern Georgia (Applachian Mountains), USA; headwaters of Chattahoochee River (Gulf basin). Introduced widely in North America and temperate regions of other continents. Several countries report adverse ecological impact after introduction. Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr 2011 A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Boston : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 663p. (Ref. 86798) FB-Uses-246 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2019-05-17 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=246 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats fisheries: minor commercial; aquaculture: commercial; gamefish: yes; aquarium: public aquariums; price category: very high; price reliability: questionable: based on ex-vessel price for species in this genus FAO 1992 FAO yearbook. Fishery statistics: catches and landings. Vol. 70: 1990. FAO Fish. Ser. 38:647 p. (Ref. 4931) Garibaldi, L. 1996 List of animal species used in aquaculture. FAO Fish. Circ. 914. 38 p. (Ref. 12108) International Game Fish Association 1991 World record game fishes. International Game Fish Association, Florida, USA. (Ref. 4699) Nigrelli, R.F. 1959 Longevity of fishes in captivity, with special reference to those kept in the New York Aquarium. p. 212-230. In G.E.W. Wolstehnolmen and M. O'Connor (eds.) Ciba Foundation Colloquium on Ageing: the life span of animals. Vol. 5., Churchill, London. (Ref. 273) FB-Migration-246 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2019-05-17 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=246 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Anadromous. Fish that ascend rivers to spawn, as salmon and hilsa do. Sub-division of diadromous. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. Morin, B., C. Hudon and F. Whoriskey 1991 Seasonal distribution, abundance, and life-history traits of Greenland cod, <i>Gadus ogac</i>, at Wemindji, eastern James Bay. Can. J. Zool. 69:3061-3070. (Ref. 120291) FB-LifeCycle-246 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Maria Lourdes D. Palomares 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2019-05-17 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=246&StockCode=260 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Courtship begins with a male attempting to drive a female toward suitable spawning gravel. A receptive female chooses a spot and digs a redd. While the female is digging, the male continues courtship activity, darting alongside the female and quivering, swimming over and under her and rubbing her with his fins; most of the time however, is spent driving off other males. When the redd is completed, the pair enter the nest and deposit eggs and milt. After spawning the female covers the eggs by sweeping small pebbles at the downstream edge of the redd upstream. Once the eggs are completely covered, she moves to the upstream end of the redd and begins digging a new redd (Ref. 27547). Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. FB-TrophicStrategy-246 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1994-01-24 00:00:00 2007-07-31 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ fontinalis Inhabits cold, well-oxygenated waters of rivers, lakes and reservoirs (Ref. 30578). Anadromous (Ref. 5951). Feeding effort in juveniles is directed toward sub-surface, invertebrate drift (Ref. 28091). It is preyed upon by eels, white perch, yellow perch, chain pickerel, eastern belted kingfisher and American merganser (Ref. 5951). Maitland, P.S. and R.N. Campbell 1992 Freshwater fishes of the British Isles. HarperCollins Publishers, London.368 p. FB-Size-246 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2019-05-17 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=246 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size 86.0 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 7248)); max. published weight: 8,000 g (Ref. 100229); max. reported age: 24 years (Ref. 72501) Skelton, P.H. 1993 A complete guide to the freshwater fishes of southern Africa. Southern Book Publishers. 388 p. (Ref. 7248) Machacek, H. (ed.) 2015 World Records Freshwater Fishing. www.fishing-worldrecords.com. Accessed on 2 March 2015. (Ref. 100229) Reimers, N. 1979 A history of a stunted brook trout population in an Alpine lake: a lifespan of 24 years. Calif. Fish Game 65(4):196-215. (Ref. 72501) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Diseases-246-1523 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2005-04-14 00:00:00 2005-04-14 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=246&StockCode=260 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Camallanus Infection 16. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Moravec, F. 1998 Nematodes of freshwater fishes of the neotropical region. 464 p. Praha, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. (Ref. 51153) FB-Diseases-246-11 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2004-03-17 00:00:00 2004-03-17 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=246&StockCode=260 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Enteric Redmouth Disease. Bacterial diseases Horne, M.T. and A.C. Barnes 1999 Enteric redmouth disease (<i>Yersinia ruckeri</i>). p.455-477. In P.T.K. Woo and D.W. Bruno (eds.) Fish Diseases and Disorders, Vol. 3: Viral, Bacterial and Fungal Infections. CAB Int'l. (Ref. 48849) FB-Diseases-246-1504 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2005-03-18 00:00:00 2005-03-18 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=246&StockCode=260 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Hysterothylacium Infection 8. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Moravec, F. 1998 Nematodes of freshwater fishes of the neotropical region. 464 p. Praha, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. (Ref. 51153) FB-Diseases-246-911 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2004-05-04 00:00:00 2004-05-04 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=246&StockCode=260 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Whirling Disease 3. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Boustead, N.C. 1993 Detection and New Zealand distribution of <i>Myxobolus cerebralis</i>, the cause of whirling disease of salmonids. N.Z. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 27(4):431-436. (Ref. 45510) FB-Habitat-246 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2019-05-17 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=246 benthopelagic; anadromous (Ref. 120291); freshwater; brackish; marine; depth range 15 - 27 m (Ref. 3899) Morin, B., C. Hudon and F. Whoriskey 1991 Seasonal distribution, abundance, and life-history traits of Greenland cod, <i>Gadus ogac</i>, at Wemindji, eastern James Bay. Can. J. Zool. 69:3061-3070. (Ref. 120291) Baldwin, N.S. 1948 A study of the speckled trout, <i>Salvelinus fontinalis</i> (Mitchill), in a pre-Cambrian lake. University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. 55 p. M.S. thesis. (Ref. 3899)