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<taxon>
	<dc:identifier>FB-321</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=321</dc:source>
	<dwc:Kingdom>Animalia</dwc:Kingdom>
	<dwc:Phylum>Chordata</dwc:Phylum>
	<dwc:Class>Teleostei</dwc:Class>
	<dwc:Order>Gadiformes</dwc:Order>
	<dwc:Family>Merlucciidae</dwc:Family>
	<dwc:Genus>Merluccius</dwc:Genus>
	<dwc:ScientificName>Merluccius senegalensis Cadenat, 1950</dwc:ScientificName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pl'>Blekitek poludniowy a. falklandzki</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='da'>Bacaladilla</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='da'>Sortmund</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='da'>Sydlig sortmund</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Southern blue whiting</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Southern poutassou</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='et'>Lõunaputassuu</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fr'>Merlan bleu</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fr'>Merlan bleu austral</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fr'>Merlan bleu du Sud</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fr'>Poutassou</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='he'>שיבוט אוסטרלי</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ja'>Patagonia-minamidara</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ru'>Путассу южная</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='sv'>Sydlig blåvitling</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='uk'>Блувайтінг</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='uk'>Путасу</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='uk'>Путасу південна</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='es'>Merluza de tres aletas</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='es'>Pescada de tres aletas</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='es'>Polaca</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='es'>Polaca austral</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Južni sinji mol</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>南蓝鳕</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>南藍鱈</commonName>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Micromesistius australis australis Norman, 1937</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Micromesistius australis pallidus Inada &amp; Nakamura, 1975</synonym>
	<dcterms:created>1990-10-17</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2023-01-11</dcterms:modified>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=115257&amp;speccode=320'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257)</reference>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=118628&amp;speccode=320'>Palomares, M.L.D., R. Froese, B. Derrick, S.-L. Nöel, G. Tsui, J. Woroniak and D. Pauly0 A preliminary global assessment of the status of exploited marine fish and invertebrate populations. A report prepared by the Sea Around Us for OCEANA. The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, p. 64. (Ref. 118628)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=123414&amp;speccode=320'>Troccoli, G.H., E. Aguilar, P.A. Martínez and M. Belleggia0 The diet of the Patagonian toothfish &lt;i&gt;Dissostichus eleginoides&lt;/i&gt;, a deep-sea top predator off Southwest Atlantic Ocean. Polar Biology 43(10):1595-1604. (Ref. 123414)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=127695&amp;speccode=320'>Padovani, L.N., M.D. Viñas, F. Sánchez and H. Mianzan0 Amphipod-supported food web: &lt;i&gt;Themisto gaudichaudii&lt;/i&gt;, a key food resource for fishes in the southern Patagonian Shelf. J. Sea Res. 67(1):85-90. (Ref. 127695)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=127799&amp;speccode=320'>Pájaro, M. and G.J. Macchi0 Spawning pattern, length at maturity, and fecundity of the southern blue whiting (&lt;i&gt;Micromesistius australis&lt;/i&gt;) in the south‐west Atlantic Ocean. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 35(2):375-385. (Ref. 127799)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=127800&amp;speccode=320'>Macchi, G.J., M. Pájaro, O.C. Wöhler, M.J. Acevedo, R.L. Centurión and D.G. Urteaga0 Batch fecundity and spawning frequency of southern blue whiting (&lt;i&gt;Micromesistius australis&lt;/i&gt;) in the southwest Atlantic Ocean. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 39(5):993-1000. (Ref. 127800)</reference>
	<reference isbn='2350-4757' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=128520&amp;speccode=320'>Marčeta, B. and K. Pliberšek (eds)0 BiosWeb. Biological database of the Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia. Ljubljana, Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia, 2014. (www.biosweb.org. updated 13/04/2023). (Ref. 128520)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=128994&amp;speccode=320'>Jackson, G.D., J.F. McKinnon, C. Lalas, R. Ardern and N.G. Buxton0 Food spectrum of the deepwater squid &lt;i&gt;Moroteuthis ingens&lt;/i&gt; (Cephalopoda: Onychoteuthidae) in New Zealand waters. Polar Biol. 20:56-65. (Ref. 128994)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=132127&amp;speccode=320'>Halvorsen, K.A.T., E. Árnason, P.J. Smith and J. Mork0 Mitochondrial DNA differentiation between the antitropical blue whiting species &lt;i&gt;Micromesistius poutassou&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Micromesistius australis&lt;/i&gt;. J. Fish. Biol. 81(1):253-269. (Ref. 132127)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=137577&amp;speccode=320'>Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577)</reference><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Invades shelf waters during summer and concentrating over the continental slope in winter.  Forms schools (Ref. 9072).  The young feed on euphausiids and amphipods and occasionally on copepods, cephalopods and small fish.  Utilized in frozen blocks and as fishmeal.  In Japan used as suerii (minced meat) for karaoke (fish cake) (Ref. 27363).  Can be fried, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=1371&amp;speccode=320'>Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba 1990 FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 43 - 55;  Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 56 - 71; Vertebrae: 54 - 57</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=1371&amp;speccode=320'>Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba 1990 FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats</subject>
	<dc:description>There are 2 disjunct populations.  Micromesistius australis australis occurs around the Falkland Islands and Argentine Patagonia in the southwest Atlantic; off Chile in the southeast Pacific; also off South Georgia, South Shetland and South Orkney islands.  Micromesistius australis pallidus occurs around the South Island of New Zealand.</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=1371&amp;speccode=320'>Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba 1990 FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Uses-320</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Susan M. Luna</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1990-10-17 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2021-11-24 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Importance</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
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	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=320</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat</subject>
	<dc:description>fisheries: highly commercial; price category: medium; price reliability: reliable: based on ex-vessel price for this species</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4931&amp;speccode=320'>FAO 1992 FAO yearbook. Fishery statistics: catches and landings. Vol. 70: 1990. FAO Fish. Ser. 38:647 p. (Ref. 4931)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Migration-320</dc:identifier>
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	<dc:description>Oceanodromous. Migrating within oceans typically between spawning and different feeding areas, as tunas do.  Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51243&amp;speccode=320'>Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&amp;D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Armi G. Torres</agent>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=320&amp;StockCode=334</dc:source>
	<dc:description>Oviparous, sexes are separate (Ref. 205).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=205&amp;speccode=320'>Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Size-320</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Susan M. Luna</agent>
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	<dc:title>Max. size</dc:title>
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	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
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	<dc:description>90.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 1371)); max. published weight: 850 g (Ref. 4883); max. reported age: 30 years (Ref. 7059)</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=1371&amp;speccode=320'>Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba 1990 FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)</reference>
	<reference isbn='0862494478' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4883&amp;speccode=320'>Bykov, V.P. 1983 Marine Fishes: Chemical composition and processing properties. New Delhi: Amerind Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd. 322 p. (Ref. 4883)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=7059&amp;speccode=320'>Cousseau, M.B. 1993 Las especies del orden gadiformes del Atlántico sudamericano comprendido entre 34° y 55°S y relación con las de otras áreas. Frente Marit. 13:7-108. (Ref. 7059)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Belen Acosta</agent>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
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	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats</subject>
	<dc:description>Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073'>IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Habitat-320</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Susan M. Luna</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1990-10-17 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<dc:title>Environment</dc:title>
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	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=320</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat</subject>
	<dc:description>benthopelagic; oceanodromous (Ref. 51243); marine; depth range 50 - 900 m (Ref. 27363), usually 200 - 400 m (Ref. 7061)</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51243&amp;speccode=320'>Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&amp;D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=27363&amp;speccode=320'>Nakamura, I., T. Inada, M. Takeda and H. Hatanaka 1986 Important fishes trawled off Patagonia. Japan Marine Fishery Resource Research Center, Tokyo. 369 p. (Ref. 27363)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=7061&amp;speccode=320'>Barrera-Oro, E.R. and A.P. Tomo 1988 New information on age and growth in length of &lt;i&gt;Micromesistius australis&lt;/i&gt; Norman 1937 (Pisces, Gadidae), in the South West Atlantic. Polar Biol. 8:341-351. (Ref. 7061)</reference></dataObject>
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