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	<dc:identifier>FB-3306</dc:identifier>
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	<dwc:Kingdom>Animalia</dwc:Kingdom>
	<dwc:Phylum>Chordata</dwc:Phylum>
	<dwc:Class>Teleostei</dwc:Class>
	<dwc:Order>Syngnathiformes</dwc:Order>
	<dwc:Family>Syngnathidae</dwc:Family>
	<dwc:Genus>Syngnathus</dwc:Genus>
	<dwc:ScientificName>Syngnathus scovelli (Evermann &amp; Kendall, 1896)</dwc:ScientificName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Peixe-cachimbo</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Gulf pipefish</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Scovell's pipefish</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='es'>Pez pipa del Golfo</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>海湾海龙</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>海灣海龍</commonName>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Siphostoma scovelli Evermann &amp; Kendall, 1896</synonym>
	<dcterms:created>1991-05-01</dcterms:created>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=205&amp;speccode=3306'>Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=276&amp;speccode=3306'>Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 A list of common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (12)1-174. (Ref. 276)</reference>
	<reference isbn='0-913235-69-5 (pbk).' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=3814&amp;speccode=3306'>Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (20):183 p. (Ref. 3814)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4517&amp;speccode=3306'>Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=7251&amp;speccode=3306'>Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray0 A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=10937&amp;speccode=3306'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the University of British Columbia Fish Museum Fish Museum. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. (Ref. 10937)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=12193&amp;speccode=3306'>Hugg, D.O.0 MAPFISH georeferenced mapping database. Freshwater and estuarine fishes of North America. Life Science Software. Dennis O. and Steven Hugg, 1278 Turkey Point Road, Edgewater, Maryland, USA. (Ref. 12193)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=12965&amp;speccode=3306'>Eschmeyer, W.N.0 PISCES. Eschmeyer's PISCES database as published on the Internet in June 1997, URL: gopher://gopher.calacademy.org:640/7. (Ref. 12965)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=13806&amp;speccode=3306'>Motta, P.J., K.B. Clifton, P. Hernandez, B.T. Eggold, S.D. Giordano and R. Wilcox0 Feeding relationships among nine species of seagrass fishes of Tampa Bay, Florida. Bull. Mar. Sci. 56(1):185-200. (Ref. 13806)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=26938&amp;speccode=3306'>Smith, C.L.0 National Audubon Society field guide to tropical marine fishes of the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico, Florida, the Bahamas, and Bermuda. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., New York. 720 p. (Ref. 26938)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=30499&amp;speccode=3306'>Greenfield, D.W. and J.E. Thomerson0 Fishes of the continental waters of Belize. University Press of Florida, Florida. 311 p. (Ref. 30499)</reference>
	<reference isbn='0-9534-693-0-1.' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=30915&amp;speccode=3306'>Lourie, S.A., A.C.J. Vincent and H.J. Hall0 Seahorses: an identification guide to the world's species and their conservation. Project Seahorse, London. 214 p. (Ref. 30915)</reference>
	<reference isbn='957-8596-59-6' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31517&amp;speccode=3306'>Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31982&amp;speccode=3306'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=34634&amp;speccode=3306'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Gulf Coast Research Laboratory (GCRL). The Gulf Coast Research Laboratory (GCRL), Ocean Springs, Mississippi, USA. (Ref. 34634)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=35205&amp;speccode=3306'>Zaneveld, J.S.0 Caribbean Fish Life. Index to the local and scientific names of the marine fishes and fishlike invertebrates of the Caribbean area (Tropical Western Central Atlantic Ocean). E.J. Brill / Dr. W. Backhuys, Leiden, 163p. (Ref. 35205)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=35509&amp;speccode=3306'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Intitut fur Seefischerei (ISH). BIOLAB Forschungsinstitut, Hohenwestedt, Germany. (Ref. 35509)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=38732&amp;speccode=3306'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=38975&amp;speccode=3306'>Provancha, M.J. and C.R. Hall0 Ecology and life history of the clown goby inhabiting the upper Banana River, Cape Canaveral, Florida. Environ. Biol. Fishes 31(1):41-54. (Ref. 38975)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=41414&amp;speccode=3306'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West , NY 10024-5192, USA. (Ref. 41414)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=42780&amp;speccode=3306'>Brook, I.M.0 Trophic relationships in a seagrass community (&lt;i&gt;Thalassia testudinum&lt;/i&gt;), in Card Sound, Florida. Fish diets in relation to macrobenthic and cryptic faunal abundance. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 106(3):219-229. (Ref. 42780)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=47438&amp;speccode=3306'>Anonymous0 Fish collection of the Royal Ontario Museum. Royal Ontario Museum. (Ref. 47438)</reference>
	<reference isbn='1-888569-61-1' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=52299&amp;speccode=3306'>Nelson, J.S., E.J. Crossman, H. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C.R. Gilbert, R.N. Lea and J.D. Williams0 Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 29, Bethesda, Maryland. ix, 386 p. + 1 CD. (Ref. 52299)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=53335&amp;speccode=3306'>Avise, J.C., A.G. Jones, D. Walker, J.A. DeWoody, B. Dakin, A. Fiumera, D. Fletcher, M. Mackiwicz, D. Pearse, B. Porter and S.D. Wilkins0 Genetic mating systems and reproductive natural histories of fishes: lessons for ecology and evolution. Annu. Rev. Genet. 36:19-45. (Ref. 53335)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=55317&amp;speccode=3306'>Jones, A.G. and J.C. Avise0 Microsatellite analysis of maternity and the mating system in the Gulf pipefish &lt;i&gt;Syngnathus scovelli&lt;/i&gt;, a species with male pregnancy and sex-role reversal. Mol. Ecol. 6:203-213. (Ref. 55317)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=58108&amp;speccode=3306'>Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=74908&amp;speccode=3306'>Vega-Cendejas, M.E.0 Ictiofauna de la reserva de la biosfera Celestún, Yucatán: una contribución al conocimiento de su biodiversidad. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Anales del Instituto de Biología, Serie Zoología 75:193-206. (Ref. 74908)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=79080&amp;speccode=3306'>Ayala-Pérez, L.A., J.R. Miranda and D.F. Hernández0 La comunidad de peces de la Laguna de Términos: estructura actual comparada. Rev. Biol. Trop. 51(3):783-794. (Ref. 79080)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=79722&amp;speccode=3306'>Ferraris, C.J. Jr.0 Family Syngnathidae (Pipefishes and seahorses). p. 591-593. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil. (Ref. 79722)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=103182&amp;speccode=3306'>Trindade-Santos, I. and K.M.F. Freire0 Analysis of reproductive patterns of fishes from three large marine ecosystems. Front. Mar. Sci. 2:38. (Ref. 103182)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=104731&amp;speccode=3306'>Gasparini, J.L. and R.L. Teixeira0 Reproductive aspects of the gulf pipefish, &lt;i&gt;Syngnathus scovelli&lt;/i&gt; (Teleostei,  Syngnathidae), from southeastern Brazil. Braz. J. Biol. 59(1):87-90. (Ref. 104731)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=126547&amp;speccode=3306'>Matsunuma, M.0 &lt;i&gt;Syngnathus chihiroe&lt;/i&gt;, a new species of pipefish (Syngnathidae) from southern Japan. Zootaxa 4232(3):385-396. (Ref. 126547)</reference>
	<reference isbn='1849954984' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=128868&amp;speccode=3306'>Beolens, B., M. Grayson and M. Watkins0 Eponym dictionary of Fishes. 	Dunbeath, Caithness (Scotland, UK): Whittles Publishing Limited, 1300 p. (Ref. 128868)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=132372&amp;speccode=3306'>Guo, Z. and N. Bailly0 Length-weight relationships of marine fishes using preserved specimens: a contribution of the UBC Beaty Biodiversity Museum Fish Collection. p. 23-42. In D. Pauly and V. Ruiz-Leotaud (eds). Marine and Freshwater Miscellanea V. Fisheries Centre Research Reports 32(4). Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver. (Ref. 132372)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=137577&amp;speccode=3306'>Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577)</reference><dataObject>
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	<dcterms:created>1991-05-01 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<dc:description>Common in bays and estuaries.  Usually found amongst vegetation (Ref. 26938).  Enters fresh water.  Ovoviviparous (Ref. 205).  The male carries the eggs in a brood pouch which is found under the tail (Ref. 205).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=7251&amp;speccode=3306'>Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray 1986 A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Grace Tolentino Pablico</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2001-02-01 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<dc:description>Moderately long snout (1.9-2.7 in head length) (Ref. 26938).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=26938&amp;speccode=3306'>Smith, C.L. 1997 National Audubon Society field guide to tropical marine fishes of the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico, Florida, the Bahamas, and Bermuda. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., New York. 720 p. (Ref. 26938)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Grace Tolentino Pablico</agent>
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	<dc:description>Dorsal soft rays (total): 2537</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=26938&amp;speccode=3306'>Smith, C.L. 1997 National Audubon Society field guide to tropical marine fishes of the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico, Florida, the Bahamas, and Bermuda. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., New York. 720 p. (Ref. 26938)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Western Atlantic:  northeastern Florida and northern Gulf of Mexico to the Caribbean coast of Central and South America; absent from West Indies.</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=7251&amp;speccode=3306'>Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray 1986 A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat</subject>
	<dc:description>Also Ref. 53335.</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=205&amp;speccode=3306'>Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>18.3 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 30499)); max. reported age: 3 years (Ref. 12193)</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=30499&amp;speccode=3306'>Greenfield, D.W. and J.E. Thomerson 1997 Fishes of the continental waters of Belize. University Press of Florida, Florida. 311 p. (Ref. 30499)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=12193&amp;speccode=3306'>Hugg, D.O. 1996 MAPFISH georeferenced mapping database. Freshwater and estuarine fishes of North America. Life Science Software. Dennis O. and Steven Hugg, 1278 Turkey Point Road, Edgewater, Maryland, USA. (Ref. 12193)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073'>IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Habitat-3306</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='http://www.fishbase.de/rfroese' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Rainer Froese</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1991-05-01 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2004-12-14 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Environment</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=3306</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size</subject>
	<dc:description>demersal; freshwater; brackish; marine; depth range 0 - 6 m (Ref. 26938), usually ? - 6 m (Ref. 26938)</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=26938&amp;speccode=3306'>Smith, C.L. 1997 National Audubon Society field guide to tropical marine fishes of the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico, Florida, the Bahamas, and Bermuda. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., New York. 720 p. (Ref. 26938)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=26938&amp;speccode=3306'>Smith, C.L. 1997 National Audubon Society field guide to tropical marine fishes of the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico, Florida, the Bahamas, and Bermuda. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., New York. 720 p. (Ref. 26938)</reference></dataObject>
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