FB-39 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=39 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Gobiiformes Gobiidae Aphia Aphia minuta (Risso, 1810) Havsil Sandgrevling Småsil Tobis Tobiasz سمك الرمل Llymrïen Kysttobis Sandgrævling Kleiner Sandaal Tobiasfisch Lesser sandeel Lesser sand-eel Sandeel Sand-eel Small sandeel Smooth sand eel Smooth sandeel Nigli väike tobias Lítla nebbasild Nebbasild Pikkutuulenkala Equille Équille Lançon équille Sandsíli tūbīte mažasis tobis Peschanka Kusttobis Kum balığı Aguacioso Lanzon Amodytis Corr ghainimh bheag/ an corr Mala peščenka Trencavits Zandspiering Αμμοδύτης 小玉筋鱼 鱗柄玉筋魚 鳞柄玉筋鱼 Ammodytes lancea Cuvier, 1829 Ammodytes tobiunus Linnaeus, 1758 1990-10-17 2014-08-25 Russell, F.S.0 The eggs and planktonic stages of British marine fishes. Academic Press, London, UK. 524 p. (Ref. 37) Froese, R. and C. Papasissi0 The use of modern relational databases for identification of fish larvae. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 6(1):37-45. (Ref. 38) Halbeisen, H.-W.0 Bestimmungsschlüssel für Fischlarven der Nordsee und angrenzender Gebiete. Ber. Inst. Meeresk. Nr. 178. (Ref. 39) Ehrenbaum, E.0 Eier und Larven von Fischen. p. 1-414. In Nordisches Plankton 1. Lipsius & Tischer, Kiel-Leipzig. (Ref. 41) Ehrenbaum, E.0 Eier und Larven von Fischen der deutschen Bucht. III. Fische mit festsitzenden Eiern. Wiss. Meeresunters. Abt. Kiel und Abt. Helgol. (n.s.) 6(2):127-200. (Ref. 66) Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) Whitehead, P.J.P., M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.)0 Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vols. I-III:1473 p. (Ref. 232) Pauly, D.0 A preliminary compilation of fish length growth parameters. Ber. Inst. Meereskd. Christian-Albrechts-Univ. Kiel (55):1-200. (Ref. 312) Macer, C.T.0 Sand eels (Ammodytidae) in the southwestern North Sea; their biology and fishery. Min. Agric. Fish. Food Fish. Invest. Ser. 2, 24(6):1-55. (Ref. 724) Cameron, J.0 Studies on the Ammodytidae of Isle of Man waters. University of Liverpool, Liverpool. Ph.D. dissertation. (Ref. 725) Reay, P.J.0 Synopsis of biological data on North Atlantic sandeels of the genus <i>Ammodytes</i>. FAO. Spec. Synop. (82):pag. var. (Ref. 726) Reay, P.J.0 Some aspects of the biology of the sandeel, <i>Ammodytes tobianus</i> L. in Langstone Harbour, Hampshire. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. 53:325-346. (Ref. 729) Kändler, R.0 Untersuchungen über Fortpflanzung, Wachstum und Variabilität der Arten des Sandaals in Ost- und Nordsee, mit besonderer Berücksichtigung von <i>Ammodytes tobianus</i> L. Kieler Meeres. 5(1):45-139. (Ref. 730) Pauly, D.0 On the interrelationships between natural mortality, growth parameters, and mean environmental temperature in 175 fish stocks. J. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer. 39(2):175-192. (Ref. 1139) Linnaeus, C.0 Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordinus, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae. 824 p. (Ref. 1652) Nijssen, H. and S.J. de Groot0 Catalogue of fish species of the Netherlands. Beaufortia 21(285):173-207. (Ref. 1756) Dardenne, P.J.0 Beiträge zur biologie der Ammodyten, insbesondere untersuchungen zur fruchtbarkeit von <i>Ammodytes tobianus</i>. University of Kiel, Germany. 54 p. Thesis. (Ref. 3266) Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development0 Multilingual dictionary of fish and fish products. Fishing News Books, Oxford. (Ref. 3383) Bauchot, M.-L.0 Poissons osseux. p. 891-1421. In W. Fischer, M.L. Bauchot and M. Schneider (eds.) Fiches FAO d'identification pour les besoins de la pêche. (rev. 1). Méditerranée et mer Noire. Zone de pêche 37. Vol. II. Commission des Communautés Européennes and FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3397) Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517) Muus, B. and P. Dahlström0 Meeresfische der Ostsee, der Nordsee, des Atlantiks. BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, München. 244 p. (Ref. 4645) Reay, P.J.0 Ammodytidae. p. 945-950. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 4674) Wheeler, A.0 A list of the common and scientific names of fishes of the British Isles. J. Fish Biol. 41(suppl.A):1-37. (Ref. 5204) Koli, L.0 Suomen kalat. [Fishes of Finland]. Werner Söderström Osakeyhtiö. Helsinki. 357 p. (in Finnish). (Ref. 6114) Muus, B.J. and P. Dahlstrøm0 Havfisk og Fiskeri i Nordvesteuropa. GEC Gads Forlag, København, 244 p. (in Danish). (Ref. 6302) Grabda, E. and T. Heese0 Polskie nazewnictwo popularne kraglouste i ryby. Cyclostomata et Pisces. Wyzsza Szkola Inzynierska w Koszalinie. Koszalin, Poland. 171 p. (in Polish). (Ref. 6313) Wheeler, A.0 Ammodytidae. p. 446-448. In J.C. Hureau and Th. Monod (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and of the Mediterranean (CLOFNAM). UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 6450) Economidis, P.S.0 Catalogue of the fishes of Greece. Reprinted from Hellenic Oceanology and Limnology, Praktika of the Inst. of Ocean. and Fishing Research, vol. 11 (1972). (Ref. 9057) Bruce, J.R., J.S. Colman and N.S. Jones0 Marine fauna of the Isle of Man. Memoir No. 36. Liverpool University Press, Liverpool. (Ref. 9488) Minchin, D.0 Fishes of the Lough Hyne marine reserve. J. Fish Biol. 31(3):343-352. (Ref. 9610) Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development0 Multilingual dictionary of fish and fish products. Fishing News Books Limited, Farnham, Surrey, England, xvii, 430 p. (Ref. 9763) Jonsson, G.0 Islenskir fiskar. Fiolvi, Reykjavik, 568 pp. (Ref. 12462) Anonymous0 Fish registrations within the museum database of the Vertebrate Section of the Royal Museum for Central Africa. MRAC, Tervuren, Belgium. (Ref. 12818) Appleby, C.0 List of Norwegian common names of fishes. Unpublished. (Ref. 28571) Went, A.E.J.0 List of Irish fishes. Department of Lands, Fisheries Division, Dublin. 31 p. (Ref. 28679) Arias, A. and P. Drake0 Estados juveniles de la ictiofauna en las caños de las salinas de la bahia de Cadiz. Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucia. CSIC. (Ref. 29096) Kullander, S.O.0 Swedish fishes: checklist of Swedish fishes. Swedish Museum of Natural History. http://www.nrm.se/ve/pisces/allfish.shtml.en, 25 May 1999. (Ref. 30402) Thorman, S. and A.-M. Wiederholm0 Seasonal occurrence and food resource use of an assemblage of nearshore fish species in the Bothnian Sea, Sweden. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 10:223-229. (Ref. 30509) Swedish Museum of Natural History0 Fish collection database of the Naturhistoriska riksmuseet (Swedish Museum of Natural History). Ichthyology Section, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden. (Ref. 31402) Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982) Anonymous0 Systematic list of Estonian fishes. World Wide Web Electronic Publication, 14 January 2000. (Ref. 33247) Anonymous0 Systematisk liste over norske fisk registert pr. 1997. http://alun.uio.no/zoomus/generell/avdelinger/fisk/fiskeliste.html (Ref. 33337) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Gulf Coast Research Laboratory (GCRL). The Gulf Coast Research Laboratory (GCRL), Ocean Springs, Mississippi, USA. (Ref. 34634) Alegre, M., J. Lleonart and J. Veny0 Espècies pesqueres d'interès comercial. Nomenclatura oficial catalana. Departament de Cultura, Generalitat Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain. (Ref. 35117) Muus, B.J. and J.G. Nielsen0 Sea fish. Scandinavian Fishing Year Book, Hedehusene, Denmark. 340 p. (Ref. 35388) Anonymous0 The icthyological collection of the Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH). Division of Ichthyology and Herpetology, Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH). (Ref. 35508) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Intitut fur Seefischerei (ISH). BIOLAB Forschungsinstitut, Hohenwestedt, Germany. (Ref. 35509) Winkler, H.M., K. Skora, R. Repecka, M. Ploks, A. Neelov, L. Urho, A. Gushin and H. Jespersen0 Checklist and status of fish species in the Baltic Sea. ICES CM 2000/Mini:11, 15 p. (Ref. 36252) Dolgov, A.V.0 New data on composition and distribution of the Barents Sea ichthyofauna. ICES CM2000/Mini:12, 12p. (Ref. 36372) Anonymous0 Report of the Industrial Fisheries Working Group. Copenhagen, 7-13 March 1986. ICES C.M./Assess:15. (Ref. 36734) Anonymous0 Report of the working group on Norway pout and sandeels in the North Sea. ICES C.M./F:7, 47 p. (Ref. 36735) Laffaille, P., E. Feunteun and J.C. Lefeuvre0 Composition of fish communities in a European macrotidal salt marsh (the Mont Saint-Michel Bay, France). Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 51(4):429-438. (Ref. 38302) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732) Froese, R.0 Moderne Methoden zur Bestimmung von Fischlarven. Faculty of Biology, University of Hamburg. Ph. D. thesis. (Ref. 39373) Ida, H., P. Sirimontaporn and S. Monkolprasit0 Comparative morphology of the fishes of the Family Ammodytidae, with a description of two new genera and two new species. Zool. Stud. 33(4):251-277. (Ref. 39393) Crespo, J., J. Gajate and R. Ponce0 Clasificación científica e identificación de nombres vernáculos existentes en la base de datos de seguimiento informático de recursos naturales oceánicos. Instituto Español de Oceanografia, Madrid, Spain. 414 p. (Ref. 39531) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen. Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen. (Ref. 40919) Østergaard, T.A.S.0 List of marine fishes and common names. Personal communication (ID #575). (Ref. 40942) Eschmeyer, W.N. (ed.)0 Catalog of fishes. Updated database version of December 2001. Catalog databases as made available to FishBase in December 2001. (Ref. 40966) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West , NY 10024-5192, USA. (Ref. 41414) Economidis, P.S.0 Common names of Hellenic marine fishes. Aristotle University, Unpublished Technical Report. (Ref. 41474) Economidis, P.S. and E. Koutrakis0 Common names of comercially important Hellenic marine organisms. Aristotle University, Unpublished Technical Report. (Ref. 41475) Deval, M.C.0 Common names of marine fishes of Turkey. Unpublished report. (Ref. 41476) Andriyashev, A.P. and N.V. Chernova0 Annotated list of fishlike vertebrates and fish of the Arctic seas and adjacent waters. J. Ichthyol. 35(1):81-123. (Ref. 43202) Thorman, S.0 Physical factors affecting the abundance and species richness of fishes in the shallow waters of the southern Bothnian Sea (Sweden). Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 22:357-369. (Ref. 43772) Pierce, G.J., P.R. Boyle, J.S.W. Diack and I. Clark0 Sandeels in the diets of seals: application of novel and conventional methods of analysis to faeces from seals in the Moray Firth area of Scotland. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. 70(4):829-840. (Ref. 46132) Huynh, D.H.0 Rare valuable animals in Vietnam. p. 23-56. In C.V. Sung (ed.) Environment and bioresources of Vietnam: present situation and solutions. The Gioi Publishers, Hanoi. (Ref. 46452) Tuominen, T.-R. and M. Esmark0 "Food for thought: the use of marine resources in fish feed.". WWF-Norway, Report No. 02/03, 53p. (Ref. 46539) Kändler, R.0 Untersuchungen über Fortpflanzung, Wachstum und Variabilität der Arten des Sandaals in der Ost- und Nordsee, mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Saisonrassen von <i>Ammodytes tobianus</i> L. Habilitationsschrift, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 145 p. (Ref. 47152) Anonymous0 Fish collection of the Royal Ontario Museum. Royal Ontario Museum. (Ref. 47438) Quignard, J.P. and J.A. Tomasini0 Mediterranean fish biodiversity. Biol. Mar. Mediterr. 7(3):1-66. (Ref. 50345) Anonymous0 Welsh names of animals and plants: I Vertebrates: fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. p.17-26. In W.B.L. Evans (ed.) Cyfres enwan (creaduriaid a phlauhigion: I creaduriaid asgwrn-cefn pysgod, amffibiaid, ymlusgiaid, adar a mamaliaid. Cymdeithas Edward Llwyd. (Ref. 50359) Thiel, R., H. Cabral and M.J. Costa0 Composition, temporal changes and ecological guild classification of the ichthyofaunas of large European estuaries - a comparison between the Tagus (Portugal) and the Elbe (Germany). J. Appl. Ichthyol. 19(5):330-342. (Ref. 51031) Mouritsen, R.0 Fiskanøvn. www.frs.fo/frame2.htm (Ref. 51094) Ojaveer, E. and E. Pihu0 Estonian natural fish waters. p. 15-27. In E. Ojaveer, E. Pihu and T. Saat (eds.) Fishes of Estonia. Estonian Academy Publishers, Tallinn. (Ref. 52079) Ojaveer, E., E. Pihu and T. Saat0 Fishes of Estonia. Estonian Academy Publishers, Tallinn. 416 p. (Ref. 52093) Plikss, M.0 Fish of Latvia. http://latvijas.daba.lv/scripts/db/saraksti/saraksti.cgi?d=zivis&l=en. Accessed 24/11/05. (Ref. 55893) Ocean Biogeographic Information System0 OBIS-extracted Depth Data. Harvested by E.Agbayani July 2006 at www.iobis.org. (Ref. 57178) Ecomarg Project0 Biodiversity: Cantabrian Sea, Galician Shelf and Le Danois Bank. Ecomarg Project (ecomarg.net). (Ref. 57747) Bilecenoğlu, M., Taskavak E., S. Mater and M. Kaya0 Checklist of the marine fishes of Turkey. Zootaxa 113(1):1-194. (Ref. 57855) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) Bogorov, V.G., B.P. Manteifel and A.E. Pavlova0 Nutrition of the small sand-eel (<i>Ammodytes tobianus</i>) in Murman waters. Trans. Inst. Mar. Fish. Oceanogr. USSR 4:355-365. (Ref. 58213) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis, 29 April 2008. (Ref. 75549) Gislason, H., N. Daan, J.C. Rice and J.G. Pope0 Does natural mortality depend on individual size?. ICES CM 2008/F:16. (Ref. 79880) Cook, R.M.0 Estimation of the age-specific rate of natural mortality for Shetland eels. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 61:159-169. (Ref. 79914) Klenz, B.0 Fischarten der westlichen Ostsee - Untersuchungen von 2000 bis 2002 (Fish species in the western Baltic Sea - Surveys from 2000 to 2002). Inf. Fischwirtsch. Fischereiforsch. 50(3), 2003: 122-125. (Ref. 82151) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2010. (Ref. 83882) Veiga, P., D. Machado, C. Almeida, L. Bentes, P. Monteiro, F. Oliveira, M. Ruano, K. Erzini and J.M.S. Gonçalves0 Weight-length relationships for 54 species of the Arade estuary, southern Portugal. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 25:493-496. (Ref. 85826) Bañón, R., D. Villegas-Ríos, A. Serrano, G. Mucientes and J.C. Arronte0 Marine fishes from Galicia (NW Spain): an updated checklist. Zootaxa 2667:1-27. (Ref. 86578) Veiga, P., D. Machado, C. Almeida, L. Bentes, P. Monteiro, F. Oliveira, M. Ruano, K. Erzini and J.M.S. Gonçalves0 Weight-length relationships for 54 species of the Arade estuary, southern Portugal. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 25:493-496. (Ref. 86728) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2012. (Ref. 90062) Goren, M.0 The fishes of the Mediterranean: a biota under siege. pp. 385-400. In Goffredo, S. and Z. Dubinsky. 2014. The Mediterranean Sea: its history and present challenges. Springer Netherlands. 655 pp. (Ref. 95489) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, April 2014. (Ref. 95632) Lloris, D., J. Rucabado, Ll. del Cerro, F. Portas, M. Demestre and A. Roig0 Tots els peixos del Mar Català. I: Llistat de cites I referències. Treballs Soc. Cat. Ict. Herp. 1:1-208. (Ref. 95727) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110) Pihu, E.0 Loomade elu 4. köide. Kalad. Pihu, E. 1979. Loomade Elu, 4. Köide, Kalad. Valgus, Tallinn. (Ref. 105472) Wilhelms, I.0 Atlas of length-weight relationships of 93 fish and crustacean species from the North Sea and the North-East Atlantic (No. 12). Johann Heinrich von Thünen Institute, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries, 552 p. (Ref. 106276) Cattrijsse, A. and H. Hampel0 Life history and habitat use tables. Final Report. Subproject 1 - "Nursery Function Westerschelde". University of Gent, Dept. of Biology, Marine Biology Section. 30 p. (Ref. 108918) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257) Béarez, P., P. Pruvost, É. Feunteun, S. Iglésias, P. Francour, R. Causse, J. De Mazières, S. Tercerie and N. Bailly0 Checklist of the marine fishes from metropolitan France. Cybium 41(4):351-371. (Ref. 116450) Froese, R.0 Personal communication. (Table sent by the author). (Ref. 118592) Froese, R., N. Demirel, G. Coro, K.M. Kleisner and H. Winker0 Estimating fisheries reference points from catch and resilience. Fish and Fisheries 18(3):506-526. (Ref. 120179) Mecklenburg, C.W., I. Byrkjedal, J.S. Christiansen, O.V. Karamushko, A. Lynghammar and P.R. Møller0 List of marine fishes of the Arctic region annotated with common names and zoogeographic characterizations. Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna, Akureyri, Iceland. (Ref. 120666) Marčeta, B. and K. Pliberšek (eds)0 BiosWeb. Biological database of the Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia. Ljubljana, Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia, 2014. (www.biosweb.org. updated 13/04/2023). (Ref. 128520) Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación0 III. Otras disposiciones: 9026 - Resolución de 24 de mayo de 2019, de la Secretaría General de Pesca por la que se publica el listado de denominaciones comerciales de especies pesqueras y de acuicultura admitidas en España. [Resolution of May 24, 2019, of the General Secretariat for Fisheries, which publishes the list of commercial denominations of fishing and aquaculture species admitted in Spain]. Boletín Oficial del Estado (BOE):(143):82 pp. (Ref. 128983) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) FB-pic-38-18703 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1998-12-16 2002-01-29 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=38 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Amtob_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Amtob_u0.gif FB-GeneralDescr-38 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2024-01-15 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=38 Territorial; found in inshore waters, especially sandy bays and beaches, including the inter-tidal zone and estuaries; rarely offshore. Alternate between lying buried in the sandy substrate and swimming in schools in the water mass. Adults feed on zooplankton and some large diatoms (Ref. 3397). They hibernate in winter buried in sand at depths of 20-50 cm (Ref. 35388). Bauchot, M.-L. 1987 Poissons osseux. p. 891-1421. In W. Fischer, M.L. Bauchot and M. Schneider (eds.) Fiches FAO d'identification pour les besoins de la pêche. (rev. 1). Méditerranée et mer Noire. Zone de pêche 37. Vol. II. Commission des Communautés Européennes and FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3397) FB-DiagnosticDescr-38 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-01-02 00:00:00 2005-01-20 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=38 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Scales present in the midline anterior to dorsal fin and over the musculature at base of caudal fin. Belly scales in tight chevron. Margins of dorsal and anal fins straight with rays of equal length. Lateral line pores linearly arranged along the un branched canals. Back typically sandy brown. Whitehead, P.J.P., M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) 1986 Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vols. I-III:1473 p. (Ref. 232) FB-Morphology-38 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-01-02 00:00:00 2005-01-20 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=38 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 49 - 58; Analsoft rays: 24 - 32; Vertebrae: 60 - 68 Whitehead, P.J.P., M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) 1986 Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vols. I-III:1473 p. (Ref. 232) FB-Distribution-38 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2022-05-21 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=38 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Northeast Atlantic: Murmansk to Spain, including Iceland and the Baltic (Ref. 4674). Reports from the Mediterraneanare misidentications (Ref. 125963). Two distinct but often sympatric spawning groups exist in the area but have not been given subspecies status although spawning groups differ in mean vertebral number (autumn higher than spring), otolith structure, and probably habitats. Reay, P.J. 1986 Ammodytidae. p. 945-950. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 4674) FB-Uses-38 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2024-01-15 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=38 fisheries: highly commercial; bait: usually; price category: low; price reliability: questionable: based on ex-vessel price for species in this genus Muus, B. and P. Dahlström 1978 Meeresfische der Ostsee, der Nordsee, des Atlantiks. BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, München. 244 p. (Ref. 4645) FB-TrophicStrategy-38 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1991-01-02 00:00:00 2008-04-25 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public tobianus Feeds on phytoplankton and zooplankton (Ref. 4674). Found in inshore waters, rarely offshore. Alternates between lying buried in the sand and swimming in schools in the water mass. Reay, P.J. 1986 Ammodytidae. p. 945-950. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 4674) FB-Size-38 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2024-01-15 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=38 20.0 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 3397)); max. reported age: 7 years (Ref. 729) Bauchot, M.-L. 1987 Poissons osseux. p. 891-1421. In W. Fischer, M.L. Bauchot and M. Schneider (eds.) Fiches FAO d'identification pour les besoins de la pêche. (rev. 1). Méditerranée et mer Noire. Zone de pêche 37. Vol. II. Commission des Communautés Européennes and FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3397) Reay, P.J. 1973 Some aspects of the biology of the sandeel, <i>Ammodytes tobianus</i> L. in Langstone Harbour, Hampshire. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. 53:325-346. (Ref. 729) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-38 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2024-01-15 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=38 demersal; brackish; marine; depth range 1 - 96 m (Ref. 57178) Ocean Biogeographic Information System 2006 OBIS-extracted Depth Data. Harvested by E.Agbayani July 2006 at www.iobis.org. (Ref. 57178)