FB-4461 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4461 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Perciformes/Serranoidei Epinephelidae Epinephelus Epinephelus tauvina (Fabricius, 1775) Pure lapu Bachungor Granik panterka Garoupa lutra Slym-klipkabeljou Aqshar Hamour Hamoor Kushar tooweena Suman Baraka Nga-tauk-tu Lapu-lapu Pugapo Storplettet koralbars Rotflecken-Zackenbarsch Cod Estuary rock cod Estuary rock-cod Giant grouper Greasy cod Greasy grouper Greasy reef cod Greasy rock cod Greasy rockcod Great reef cod Green grouper Grouper Malabar grouper Orange-spotted grouper Reef cod Seabass Speckled rockcod Spotted grouper India kivikoha kawakawa Moala senicauca Cheval de bois Loche mouchetée Mérou loutre Vieille lutre Vieille nègre Salai Wekhali Wekhru વેખરુ  વેખલી  સલાઈ  Lokos דקר המתגים Pagaro Pugaro Balong Belidra Hitomihata Kalolab Chammam Panni kalawa Panni-kalava Poochachammam കലവ ചാമ്മാം പൂച്ച ച്ചമ്മം പന്നി ക്കലവ പന്നി കലവ  പന്നി കലവ   പോചാചാമ്മാം Gobra Hekaru Hekru गोबरा हीकरू Kerapu Kerapu antu Kerapu bunga Kerapu cicak Kerapu hitam Kerapu kayu Kerapu kling Kerapu lilin Kerapu lumpur Kerapu Lumpur Kertang Pertang Gatala Tauvina таувина Gatala-tane Farey Yaaquur Yaaquuro Chewa (Ng'ombe) Tahiti-grouper Faroa Punni-calawah Punni-callawah புள்ளிக் கலவா புன்னீ காலா   Bontoo బొంతు   Lapu lapu Lapu-lapu Sigapo Tiny Orfoz Orfoz balığı Taşhanisi balığı Групер плямистий Cá Song mỡ Mero lutria Ali Bababo Bulang Bwaavat pulo Faketa Fûû-n hago Galiyechosh Gatala utuvai Gaudarufana Grand gueule Haroa Kugtong Kulapo Kurapu Maleog Mantis Marrbaarrga Mwananuya Pulli kossa Te eve Te kuau Tingag Tonu 丘石斑魚 丘石斑鱼 巨石斑魚 巨石斑鱼 石斑 花英斑 花頭梅 过鱼 鱸滑石斑魚 鲈滑石斑鱼 鲙 Cephalopholis tauvina (Fabricius, 1775) Epinephalus tauvina (Fabricius, 1775) Epinephelus chewa Morgans, 1966 Epinephelus elongatus Schultz, 1953 Epinephelus megachir (non Richardson, 1846) Epinephelus salmoides (non Lacepède, 1802) Holocentrus pantherinus Lacepède, 1802 Perca tauvina Fabricius, 1775 Serranus goldiei Macleay, 1882 Serranus jansenii Bleeker, 1857 Serranus pantherinus (Lacepède, 1802) 1991-06-20 2014-11-26 Schuster, W.H.0 Synopsis of biological data on milkfish <i>Chanos chanos</i> (Forsskål), 1775. 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(Ref. 137577) FB-pic-4461-2266 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1995-01-06 2013-05-22 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4461 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Eptau_u0.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Eptau_u0.jpg FB-pic-4461-2310 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1995-01-09 1997-02-19 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. 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Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4461 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Eptau_u9.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Eptau_u9.jpg FB-pic-4461-9638 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-03-04 1999-06-23 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4461 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Eptau_ua.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Eptau_ua.jpg FB-pic-4461-9639 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-03-04 2000-11-09 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4461 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Eptau_ub.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Eptau_ub.jpg FB-pic-4461-9640 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-03-04 2000-11-09 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4461 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Eptau_uc.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Eptau_uc.jpg FB-pic-4461-9641 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-03-04 2000-11-09 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4461 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Eptau_ud.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Eptau_ud.jpg FB-pic-4461-9642 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-03-04 2000-11-09 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4461 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Eptau_ue.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Eptau_ue.jpg FB-pic-4461-44321 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Information Center Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences 2006-04-07 2006-04-07 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4461 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Eptau_uh.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Eptau_uh.jpg FB-GeneralDescr-4461 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-06-20 00:00:00 2014-11-26 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4461 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Adults prefer clear water areas on coral reefs; juveniles have been taken from reef flats and in tide pools, adults found in deeper waters. Solitary and common in lightly fished areas (Ref. 37816). Adults from Oceania almost exclusively feed on fishes (holocentrids, mullid, and pomacentrid); and occasionally, crustaceans (Ref. 89707). Present in the Hong Kong live fish markets (Ref. 27253). Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 30874. Occasionally ciguatoxic (Ref. 37816). Reports of sizes in excess of 80 cm total length for E. tauvina are probably based on misidentifications of E. coioides, E. malabaricus, and E. lanceolatus; these species grow much bigger than E. tauvina (Ref. 5222, Heemstra pers. comm. 09/04).. Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-DiagnosticDescr-4461 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1994-02-23 00:00:00 2013-10-22 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4461 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Color of head and body pale greenish grey or brown with round dark spots that vary from dull orange-red to dark brown, centers darker than the edges. A large black blotch (or group of black spots) often visible on body at the base of last 4 dorsal-fin spines. Five sub vertical dark bars may be present on body. Dark spots on soft dorsal, caudal and anal fins of juveniles are so close that the pale interspaces form a white reticulum. 95-112 scales in longitudinal series. Scales on body ctenoid in juveniles, becoming cycloid in adults except the area beneath and posterior to pectoral fins. Pyloric caeca 16-18. Further characterized by: elongate body, depth contained 3.0-3.6 times in SL; large head, length is 2.1-2.4 times in SL; snout length 2.0-2.4 times in upper-jaw length; interorbital area narrow, flat to slightly concave, interorbital width 6.8-8.1 times in HL and 3.1-4.0 times in upper jaw length; broadly rounded preopercle, serrae at angle of preopercle slightly enlarged; upper edge of operculum almost straight; posterior nostrils distinctly larger than anterior nostrils; maxilla reaching well past eye, greatest width about twice suborbital depth, maxilla width 6.8-8.1% of standard length; upper-jaw length 21-24% of SL; 2-5 rows of teeth on midlateral part of lower jaw; inner teeth at symphysis of upper jaw are longer than the fixed canines at front of jaw (Ref. 89707). Differs from E. howlandi by its more elongate body and closer-set spots (Ref. 37816). Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-Morphology-4461 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Estelita Emily Capuli 1994-02-23 00:00:00 2013-10-22 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4461 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Dorsal spines (total): 11; Dorsal soft rays (total): 13 - 16; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 8 Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-Distribution-4461 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-06-20 00:00:00 2025-11-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4461 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Indo-Pacific: Red Sea to South Africa and eastward to Ducie in the Pitcairn Group, north to Japan, south to New South Wales and Lord Howe Island. Migration report from the eastern Mediterranean Sea (Ref. 6489, 5385) may be based on Epinephelus coioides specimens. Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-Uses-4461 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-06-20 00:00:00 2014-11-26 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4461 fisheries: minor commercial; aquaculture: commercial; gamefish: yes; price category: very high; price reliability: questionable: based on ex-vessel price for species in this genus Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) Garibaldi, L. 1996 List of animal species used in aquaculture. FAO Fish. Circ. 914. 38 p. (Ref. 12108) International Game Fish Association 1991 World record game fishes. International Game Fish Association, Florida, USA. (Ref. 4699) FB-Migration-4461 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-06-20 00:00:00 2014-11-26 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4461 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Oceanodromous. Migrating within oceans typically between spawning and different feeding areas, as tunas do. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) FB-TrophicStrategy-4461 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Maria Lourdes D. Palomares 1992-08-29 00:00:00 2008-11-19 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public tauvina http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Found inshore (Ref. 75154). Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-Size-4461 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-06-20 00:00:00 2014-11-26 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4461 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat 100.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 89972)) Bacchet, P., T. Zysman and Y. Lefèvre 2006 Guide des poissons de Tahiti et ses îles. Tahiti (Polynésie Francaise): Éditions Au Vent des Îles. 608 p. (Ref. 89972) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Diseases-4461-283 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-04-25 00:00:00 2003-04-25 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=4461&StockCode=4659 Iridovirosis. Viral diseases Qin, Q., H. Shen, T.J. Lam, S.F. Chang, G.H. Ngoh, C. Chen and Y.M. Sin 2000 Isolation, characterization and morphogenesis of an iridovirus from brown-spotted grouper, <i>Epinephelus tauvina</i>. p.130-131. In The Third World Fisheries Congress abstracts books. Beijing, P.R. China. (Ref. 44421) FB-Habitat-4461 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1991-06-20 00:00:00 2014-11-26 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=4461 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size reef-associated; oceanodromous (Ref. 51243); marine; depth range 1 - 300 m (Ref. 28016) Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) al Sakaff, H. and M. Esseen 1999 Occurrence and distribution of fish species off Yemen (Gulf of Aden and Arabian Sea). Naga, ICLARM Q. 22(1):43-47. (Ref. 28016)