FB-46319 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=46319 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Characiformes Acestrorhamphidae Hyphessobrycon Hyphessobrycon pyrrhonotus Burgess, 1993 Storbuget søhest Big-bellied seahorse Bigbelly seahorse Big-belly seahorse Eastern potbelly seahorse Pot-bellied seahorse Kiore Manaia 膨腹海馬 膨腹海马 Hippocampus agnesae Fowler, 1907 Hippocampus bleekeri Fowler, 1907 Hippocampus graciliformis McCulloch, 1911 1998-02-13 2013-07-18 Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517) Paulin, C., A. Stewart, C. Roberts and P. McMillan0 New Zealand fish: a complete guide. National Museum of New Zealand Miscellaneous Series No. 19. 279 p. (Ref. 5755) Francis, M.0 Coastal fishes of New Zealand, a diver's identification guide. Heinemann Reed, Division of Octopus Publishing Group (NZ) Ltd., Aukland. 63 p. (Ref. 6787) Paulin, C. and C. Roberts0 The rockpool fishes of New Zealand (Te ika aaria o Aotearoa). Museum of New Zealand (Te Papa Tongarewa). 177 p. (Ref. 9003) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the University of British Columbia Fish Museum Fish Museum. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. (Ref. 10937) Lourie, S.A., A.C.J. Vincent and H.J. Hall0 Seahorses: an identification guide to the world's species and their conservation. Project Seahorse, London. 214 p. (Ref. 30915) Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517) Gomon, M.F. and F.J. Neira0 Syngnathidae: pipefishes and seahorses. p. 122-131. In F.J. Neira, A.G. Miskiewicz and T. Trnski (eds.) Larvae of temperate Australian fishes: laboratory guide for larval fish identification. University of Western Australia Press. 474 p. (Ref. 31838) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Gulf Coast Research Laboratory (GCRL). The Gulf Coast Research Laboratory (GCRL), Ocean Springs, Mississippi, USA. (Ref. 34634) Hilton-Taylor, C.0 2000 IUCN red list of threatened species. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. xviii + 61 p. (with 1 CD-ROM). (Ref. 36508) Young, M.W.0 The spawning of the sea-horse. New Zealand J. Sci. Tech. 8(5):284. (Ref. 36629) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen. Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen. (Ref. 40919) Jeyaseelan, M.J.P.0 Manual of fish eggs and larvae from Asian mangrove waters. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Paris. 193 p. (Ref. 43081) Roberts, C.D.0 Fishes of the Chatham Islands, New Zealand: a trawl survey and summary of the ichthyofauna. N.Z. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 25(1):1-19. (Ref. 45493) Francis, M.P.0 Geographic distribution of marine reef fishes in the New Zealand region. N.Z. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 30:35-55. (Ref. 45524) Carl, H.0 Danish fish names. Zoological Museum of Copenhagen. Unpublished. (Ref. 51471) Foster, S.J. and A.C.J. Vincent0 Life history and ecology of seahorses: implications for conservation and management. J. Fish Biol. 65(1):1-61. (Ref. 52034) Woods, C.M.C.0 Preliminary observations on breeding and rearing the seahorse <i>Hippocampus abdominalis</i> (Teleostei: Syngnathidae) in captivity. N.Z. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 34:475-485. (Ref. 53415) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) Beentjes, P., B. Bull, R.J. Hurst and N.W. Bagley0 Demersal fish assemblages along the continental shelf and upper slope of the east coast of the South Island, New Zealand. N.Z. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 36:197-223. (Ref. 58461) Woods, C.M.C.0 Natural diet of the seahorse <i>Hippocampus abdominalis</i>. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 36:655-660. (Ref. 73407) Hoese, D.F., D.J. Bray, J.R. Paxton and G.R. Allen0 Fishes. In Beasley, O.L. and A. Wells (eds.) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Volume 35 Australia: ABRS & CSIRO Publishing, 2178 p. (Ref. 75154) CITES0 Appendices I, II and III valid from 25 September 2012. UNEP. (Ref. 93496) CITES and UNEP-WCMC0 The Checklist of CITES Species Website. Appendices I, II and III valid from 05 February 2015. CITES Secretariat, Geneva, Switzerland. Compiled by UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge, UK. Http://checklist.cites.org. [Accessed 04/11/2015]. (Ref. 102318) CITES, UNEP-WCMC0 The Checklist of CITES Species Website. Appendices I, II and III valid from 10 March 2016. CITES Secretariat, Geneva, Switzerland. Compiled by UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge, UK. https://www.cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php [Accessed 23/06/2016]. (Ref. 108899) Lourie, S.A., R.A. Pollom and S.J. Foster0 A global revision of the seahorses <i>Hippocampus</i> Rafinesque 1810 (Actinopterygii: Syngnathiformes): taxonomy and biogeography with recommendations for further research. Zootaxa 4146(1):1-66. (Ref. 115213) CITES, UNEP-WCMC0 The Checklist of CITES Species Website. Appendices I, II and III valid from 04 April 2017. CITES Secretariat, Geneva, Switzerland. Compiled by UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge, UK. https://www.cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php [Accessed 01/08/2017]. (Ref. 115941) CITES, UNEP-WCMC0 The Checklist of CITES Species Website. Appendices I, II and III valid from 04 October 2017. CITES Secretariat, Geneva, Switzerland. Compiled by UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge, UK. https://www.cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php [Accessed 08/17/2017]. (Ref. 118484) Tsuboi, M., W. van der Bijl, B.T. Kopperud, J. Erritzoe, K.L. Voje, A. Kotrschal, K.E. Yopak, S.P. Collin, A.N. Iwaniuk and N. Kolm0 Breakdown of brain-body allometry and the encephalization of birds and mammals. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 2:1495-1500. (Ref. 118717) Browne, R.K., J.L. Baker and R.M. Connolly0 Chapter 13 Syngnathids: seadragons, seahorses, and pipefishes of Gulf St Vincent. In Royal Society of South Australia (Inc.), Natural History of Gulf St. Vincent, Royal Society of South Australia, pp. 162-176. (Ref. 127654) CITES0 Appendices I, II and III valid from 11 January 2023 and 25 November 2023. UNEP. (Ref. 128078) Camins, E., L.M. Stanton, M.J. Correia and A.C.J. Vincent0 Comprehensive review of advances in life history of 35 seahorse species, drawn from community science. Fisheries Centre Research Report 31(1):107p. (Ref. 128812) CITES0 Appendices I, II and III. UNEP. (Ref. 131153) Camins, E., L.M. Stanton, M.J. Correia, S.J. Foster, H.J. Koldewey and A.C.J. Vincent0 Advances in life‐history knowledge for 35 seahorse species from community science. J. Fish Biol. 104(5):1548-1565. (Ref. 137497) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) FB-GeneralDescr-46324 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1998-02-15 00:00:00 2023-02-06 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=46324 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Found in large rock pools at low tide. They remain motionless amidst seaweed. Juveniles are pelagic (Ref. 30915) or attached to drifting seaweeds (Ref. 31838). Feed on minute crustaceans (e.g. copepods and amphipods). Nocturnal (Ref. 9003). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 205). The male carries the eggs in a brood pouch which is found under the tail (Ref. 205). Seen in groups at night. Also around jetties and other man-made objects; attached to sponges and colonial hydroids in deeper water (Ref. 30915). Length measurements refer to height (= TL - head length).This is the largest seahorse species in southeastern Australia, and has more dorsal fin rays and tail rings than any other seahorse (Ref. 31838). Sold locally and internationally for the aquarium trade (Ref. 31838). Dried and sold to the Oriental medicine trade as a tonic and aphrodisiac (Ref. 5316, 34026). Lourie, S.A., R.A. Pollom and S.J. Foster 2016 A global revision of the seahorses <i>Hippocampus</i> Rafinesque 1810 (Actinopterygii: Syngnathiformes): taxonomy and biogeography with recommendations for further research. Zootaxa 4146(1):1-66. (Ref. 115213) FB-DiagnosticDescr-46324 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1998-02-15 00:00:00 2005-02-09 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=46324 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Description: (based on 17 specimens): Adult height: 8.0-32.0 cm; Rings: 12-13 + 47 (45-48)Snout length: 2.6 (2.2-3.2) in head length; Dorsal fin rays: 27-28 (25-29) covering 4+1 rings; Pectoral fin rays: 15-17; Caudal fin absent; Coronet: low, triangular wedge; Spines: low, rounded bumps only.Other distinctive characters: (very) prominent rounded eye spines; often with thick fronds attached to head region; very deep body with keel (especially females); mature males have extremely prominent (usually white) brood pouch.Color pattern: pale, near white to mottled yellow to variable brown; dark spots and splotches on head and trunk; tail with alternating dark and light bands; dorsal fin mottled; males have more dark blotches than females and commonly have a yellow slash near the top of the pouch 34. Lourie, S.A., A.C.J. Vincent and H.J. Hall 1999 Seahorses: an identification guide to the world's species and their conservation. Project Seahorse, London. 214 p. (Ref. 30915) FB-Morphology-46324 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1998-02-15 00:00:00 2005-02-09 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=46324 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 25 - 31; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 4 Lourie, S.A., A.C.J. Vincent and H.J. Hall 1999 Seahorses: an identification guide to the world's species and their conservation. Project Seahorse, London. 214 p. (Ref. 30915) FB-Distribution-46324 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1998-02-15 00:00:00 2024-07-17 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=46324 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Southwest Pacific: Australia and New Zealand (Ref. 115213). Occurrence in Thailand and the Philippines (Ref. 43081) needs verification. Lourie, S.A., R.A. Pollom and S.J. Foster 2016 A global revision of the seahorses <i>Hippocampus</i> Rafinesque 1810 (Actinopterygii: Syngnathiformes): taxonomy and biogeography with recommendations for further research. Zootaxa 4146(1):1-66. (Ref. 115213) FB-Uses-46324 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1998-02-15 00:00:00 2023-02-06 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ FAO General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=46324 fisheries: of no interest; aquarium: commercial Gomon, M.F. and F.J. Neira 1998 Syngnathidae: pipefishes and seahorses. p. 122-131. In F.J. Neira, A.G. Miskiewicz and T. Trnski (eds.) Larvae of temperate Australian fishes: laboratory guide for larval fish identification. University of Western Australia Press. 474 p. (Ref. 31838) FB-LifeCycle-46324 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1998-02-15 00:00:00 2023-02-06 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=46324&StockCode=39036 Several subsequent broods are carried by the male in a brood pouch during the spawning season. Do not obviously pair, as other seahorses do (Ref. 30915). Fertilised eggs deposited by females in the pouch of males are incubated for about four weeks before hatching (Ref. 31838). Hatching occurs at night, coinciding with full moon periods during summer months (Ref. 31838). Young emerge from the pouch and immediately rise to the surface where they grasp floating debris with their tail (Ref. 31838). Lourie, S.A., A.C.J. Vincent and H.J. Hall 1999 Seahorses: an identification guide to the world's species and their conservation. Project Seahorse, London. 214 p. (Ref. 30915) FB-TrophicStrategy-46324 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1999-08-17 00:00:00 2023-06-06 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public abdominalis Found among algae, seagrasses and rocky reefs in shallow water; attached to sponges and colonial hydroids in deeper water; also around jetty piles and other man-made objects (Ref. 30915). No differences in diet between male and female seahorses; smaller seahorses consumed a greater amount of crustaceans than larger seahorses; amphipod consumption peaking in spring and summer, and decapod consumption lowest in autumn (Ref. 73407). Observed hunting among the algal blades for prey as well as the surrounding substratum while hitched to the macroalgae, e.g., hunting the epibenthic swarming mysid Tenagomysis similis over sand while attached to the macroalgae fringing sand (Ref. 73407). Dwells in coral reefs, loose rock/pebble/gravel and subtidal sandy substrates (Ref. 128812). Lourie, S.A., A.C.J. Vincent and H.J. Hall 1999 Seahorses: an identification guide to the world's species and their conservation. Project Seahorse, London. 214 p. (Ref. 30915) FB-Size-46324 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1998-02-15 00:00:00 2023-02-06 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=46324 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription 35.0 cm OT (male/unsexed; (Ref. 6787)) Francis, M. 1988 Coastal fishes of New Zealand, a diver's identification guide. Heinemann Reed, Division of Octopus Publishing Group (NZ) Ltd., Aukland. 63 p. (Ref. 6787) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-46324 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1998-02-15 00:00:00 2023-02-06 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=46324 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution demersal; non-migratory; brackish; marine; depth range 0 - 104 m (Ref. 52034) Foster, S.J. and A.C.J. Vincent 2004 Life history and ecology of seahorses: implications for conservation and management. J. Fish Biol. 65(1):1-61. (Ref. 52034)