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	<dc:identifier>FB-46983</dc:identifier>
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	<dwc:Kingdom>Animalia</dwc:Kingdom>
	<dwc:Phylum>Chordata</dwc:Phylum>
	<dwc:Class>Teleostei</dwc:Class>
	<dwc:Order>Perciformes/Scorpaenoidei</dwc:Order>
	<dwc:Family>Scorpaenidae</dwc:Family>
	<dwc:Genus>Scorpaena</dwc:Genus>
	<dwc:ScientificName>Scorpaena cardinalis Solander &amp; Richardson, 1842</dwc:ScientificName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Many-rayed threefin</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Striped triplefin</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Variable threefin</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Variable triplefin</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='et'>Uusmeremaa kolmuim</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>变色深水三鳍鳚</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>杂色三鳍鳚</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>變色深水三鰭鳚</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>雜色三鰭鳚</commonName>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Blennius varius Forster, 1801</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Forsterygion multiradiatum Scott, 1977</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Tripterygion robustum Clarke, 1879</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Tripterygion varium (Forster, 1801)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Trypterigium robustum Clarke, 1879</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='misapplied name'>Trypterygium nigripenne (non Valenciennes, 1836)</synonym>
	<dcterms:created>1998-03-06</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2013-06-12</dcterms:modified>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=240&amp;speccode=46992'>Thresher, R.E.0 Reproduction in reef fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Inc. Ltd., Neptune City, New Jersey. 399 p. (Ref. 240)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4517&amp;speccode=46992'>Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517)</reference>
	<reference isbn='0-477-01427-5(pbk.).' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=5755&amp;speccode=46992'>Paulin, C., A. Stewart, C. Roberts and P. McMillan0 New Zealand fish: a complete guide. National Museum of New Zealand Miscellaneous Series No. 19. 279 p. (Ref. 5755)</reference>
	<reference isbn='0-908953-01-1.' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9003&amp;speccode=46992'>Paulin, C. and C. Roberts0 The rockpool fishes of New Zealand (Te ika aaria o Aotearoa). Museum of New Zealand (Te Papa Tongarewa). 177 p. (Ref. 9003)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=10937&amp;speccode=46992'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the University of British Columbia Fish Museum Fish Museum. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. (Ref. 10937)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=12965&amp;speccode=46992'>Eschmeyer, W.N.0 PISCES. Eschmeyer's PISCES database as published on the Internet in June 1997, URL: gopher://gopher.calacademy.org:640/7. (Ref. 12965)</reference>
	<reference isbn='3-87429-370-X.' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=13227&amp;speccode=46992'>Fricke, R.0 Tripterygiid fishes of Australia, New Zealand and the southwest Pacific Ocean (Teleostei). Theses Zool. 24:1-585. (Ref. 13227)</reference>
	<reference isbn='0-7900-0022-9' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=13730&amp;speccode=46992'>McDowall, R.M.0 New Zealand freshwater fishes: a natural history and guide. Hinemann Reed Auckland. 553 p. (Ref. 13730)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=26966&amp;speccode=46992'>Russell, B.C.0 The food and feeding habits of rocky reef fish of north-eastern New Zealand. N.Z. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 17(2):121-145. (Ref. 26966)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=27207&amp;speccode=46992'>Taylor, R.B. and T.J. Willis0 Relationships amongst length, weight and growth of north-eastern New Zealand reef fishes. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 49:255-260. (Ref. 27207)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=27213&amp;speccode=46992'>Thompson, S.0 Ecological and behavioural factors influencing the distribution and abundance patterns of tripterygiid fishes with particular reference to &lt;i&gt;Tripterygion varium&lt;/i&gt;. M.Sc. Thesis, Univ. Auckland. 80 p. (Ref. 27213)</reference>
	<reference isbn='957-8596-59-6' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31517&amp;speccode=46992'>Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31614&amp;speccode=46992'>Paul, L.J.0 Age and growth studies of New Zealand marine fishes, 1921-90: a review and bibliography. Aust. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 43:879-912. (Ref. 31614)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31982&amp;speccode=46992'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=34634&amp;speccode=46992'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Gulf Coast Research Laboratory (GCRL). The Gulf Coast Research Laboratory (GCRL), Ocean Springs, Mississippi, USA. (Ref. 34634)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=35508&amp;speccode=46992'>Anonymous0 The icthyological collection of the Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH). Division of Ichthyology and Herpetology, Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH). (Ref. 35508)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=38732&amp;speccode=46992'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=40919&amp;speccode=46992'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen. Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen. (Ref. 40919)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=45493&amp;speccode=46992'>Roberts, C.D.0 Fishes of the Chatham Islands, New Zealand: a trawl survey and summary of the ichthyofauna. N.Z. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 25(1):1-19. (Ref. 45493)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=45524&amp;speccode=46992'>Francis, M.P.0 Geographic distribution of marine reef fishes in the New Zealand region. N.Z. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 30:35-55. (Ref. 45524)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=58108&amp;speccode=46992'>Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=75154&amp;speccode=46992'>Hoese, D.F., D.J. Bray, J.R. Paxton and G.R. Allen0 Fishes. In Beasley, O.L. and A. Wells (eds.) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Volume 35 Australia: ABRS &amp; CSIRO Publishing, 2178 p. (Ref. 75154)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=84084&amp;speccode=46992'>Feary, D.A., M. Wellenreuther and K.D. Clements0 Trophic ecology of New Zealand triplefin fishes (Family Tripterygiidae). Mar Biol 156:1703-1714. (Ref. 84084)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=84085&amp;speccode=46992'>Jawad, L.A.0 Second revision of the New Zealand triplefin genus &lt;i&gt;Forsterygion&lt;/i&gt; Whitley and Phillips, 1939 (Pisces: Tripterygiidae). J. Nat. Hist. 42(47-48):2943-2989. (Ref. 84085)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=93609&amp;speccode=46992'>Patzner, R.A., E.J. Gonçalves, P.A. Hastings and B.G. Kapoor0 The biology of blennies. Enfield, NH : Science Publishers, 482 p. (Ref. 93609)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=94114&amp;speccode=46992'>Watson, W.0 Larval development in blennies. pp. 309-350. In Patzner, R.A., E.J. Gonçalves, P.A. Hastings and B.G. Kapoor (eds.) The biology of blennies. Science Publishers, Enfield, NH, USA. 482 p. (Ref. 94114)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=105472&amp;speccode=46992'>Pihu, E.0 Loomade elu 4. köide. Kalad. Pihu, E. 1979. Loomade Elu, 4. Köide, Kalad. Valgus, Tallinn. (Ref. 105472)</reference><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Cristina V. Garilao</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1998-03-08 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2014-03-21 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Biology</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
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	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=46992</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size</subject>
	<dc:description>Adults are generally more abundant above 10m, but common in areas of broken rock on reefs, rock pools and sub-tidally down to 33 m (Ref. 84085). They feed on benthic invertebrates.  Spawning occurs from May to November (Ref. 9003).  Eggs are hemispherical and covered with numerous sticky threads that anchor them in the algae on the nesting sites (Ref. 240).  Larvae are planktonic which occur primarily in shallow, nearshore waters (Ref. 94114).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='0-908953-01-1.' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9003&amp;speccode=46992'>Paulin, C. and C. Roberts 1992 The rockpool fishes of New Zealand (Te ika aaria o Aotearoa). Museum of New Zealand (Te Papa Tongarewa). 177 p. (Ref. 9003)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Head and pectoral fin base scaly (latter covered with cycloid scales), no scales on third dorsal fin membrane, ctenoid scales adjacent to but not overlapping base of third dorsal fin membrane. Lateral line scales short, posterior projection absent (present in specimens </dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=84085&amp;speccode=46992'>Jawad, L.A. 2008 Second revision of the New Zealand triplefin genus &lt;i&gt;Forsterygion&lt;/i&gt; Whitley and Phillips, 1939 (Pisces: Tripterygiidae). J. Nat. Hist. 42(47-48):2943-2989. (Ref. 84085)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Dorsal spines (total): 2632; Dorsal soft rays (total): 1216</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=84085&amp;speccode=46992'>Jawad, L.A. 2008 Second revision of the New Zealand triplefin genus &lt;i&gt;Forsterygion&lt;/i&gt; Whitley and Phillips, 1939 (Pisces: Tripterygiidae). J. Nat. Hist. 42(47-48):2943-2989. (Ref. 84085)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Southwest Pacific:  Tasmania, Australia and New Zealand, including the Chatham Islands.</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='3-87429-370-X.' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=13227&amp;speccode=46992'>Fricke, R. 1994 Tripterygiid fishes of Australia, New Zealand and the southwest Pacific Ocean (Teleostei). Theses Zool. 24:1-585. (Ref. 13227)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:title>Max. size</dc:title>
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	<dc:description>13.0 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 13227)); max. reported age: 4 years (Ref. 31614)</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='3-87429-370-X.' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=13227&amp;speccode=46992'>Fricke, R. 1994 Tripterygiid fishes of Australia, New Zealand and the southwest Pacific Ocean (Teleostei). Theses Zool. 24:1-585. (Ref. 13227)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31614&amp;speccode=46992'>Paul, L.J. 1992 Age and growth studies of New Zealand marine fishes, 1921-90: a review and bibliography. Aust. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 43:879-912. (Ref. 31614)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073'>IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>benthopelagic; marine; depth range 0 - 33 m (Ref. 84085), usually 10 - ? m (Ref. 84085)</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=84085&amp;speccode=46992'>Jawad, L.A. 2008 Second revision of the New Zealand triplefin genus &lt;i&gt;Forsterygion&lt;/i&gt; Whitley and Phillips, 1939 (Pisces: Tripterygiidae). J. Nat. Hist. 42(47-48):2943-2989. (Ref. 84085)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=84085&amp;speccode=46992'>Jawad, L.A. 2008 Second revision of the New Zealand triplefin genus &lt;i&gt;Forsterygion&lt;/i&gt; Whitley and Phillips, 1939 (Pisces: Tripterygiidae). J. Nat. Hist. 42(47-48):2943-2989. (Ref. 84085)</reference></dataObject>
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