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	<dc:identifier>FB-49195</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=49195</dc:source>
	<dwc:Kingdom>Animalia</dwc:Kingdom>
	<dwc:Phylum>Chordata</dwc:Phylum>
	<dwc:Class>Teleostei</dwc:Class>
	<dwc:Order>Salmoniformes</dwc:Order>
	<dwc:Family>Salmonidae</dwc:Family>
	<dwc:Genus>Coregonus</dwc:Genus>
	<dwc:ScientificName>Coregonus palaea Cuvier, 1829</dwc:ScientificName>
	<commonName xml:lang='de'>Balchen</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='de'>Ballen</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Lake Sempach whitefish</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Sempacherbalchen</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Sempacherfelchen</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>休氏白鮭</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>休氏白鲑</commonName>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Coregonus annectus Fatio, 1885</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Coregonus annectus balleoides Fatio, 1885</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='ambiguous synonym'>Coregonus lavaretus riusensis Steinmann, 1950</synonym>
	<dcterms:created>1998-07-20</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2021-09-08</dcterms:modified>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=13696&amp;speccode=49203'>Kottelat, M.0 European freshwater fishes. An heuristic checklist of the freshwater fishes of Europe (exclusive of former USSR), with an introduction for non-systematists and comments on nomenclature and conservation. Biologia, Bratislava, 52/Suppl. 5:1-271. (Ref. 13696)</reference>
	<reference isbn='957-8596-59-6' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31517&amp;speccode=49203'>Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=58108&amp;speccode=49203'>Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108)</reference>
	<reference isbn='978-2-8399-0298-4' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=59043&amp;speccode=49203'>Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof0 Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=116654&amp;speccode=49203'>Saks, L.0 Estonian Common Names, Rank 2. Personal communication (Ref. 116654)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=123357&amp;speccode=49203'>Selz, O.M., C.J. Dönz, P. Vonlanthen and O. Seehausen0 A taxonomic revision of the whitefish of lakes Brienz and Thun, Switzerland, with descriptions of four new species (Teleostei, Coregonidae). ZooKeys 989:79-162. (Ref. 123357)</reference>
	<reference isbn='1849954984' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=128868&amp;speccode=49203'>Beolens, B., M. Grayson and M. Watkins0 Eponym dictionary of Fishes. 	Dunbeath, Caithness (Scotland, UK): Whittles Publishing Limited, 1300 p. (Ref. 128868)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=130435&amp;speccode=49203'>IUCN0 The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1964 - onwards. https://www.iucnredlist.org/ (Ref. 130435)</reference><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-GeneralDescr-49203</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Armi G. Torres</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1998-07-21 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-05-16 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Biology</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=49203</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size</subject>
	<dc:description>Lacustrine. Feeds on benthic (spring) and pelagic prey (summer); mainly crustaceans, insect larvae and molluscs. Spawns along gravel to stone shores, in very shallow water. Survival of Lake Hallwil population depends on stocking as eutrophication makes the lake unsuitable for reproduction since 1960 (Ref. 59043).  Reaches up to at least 38 cm SL (Ref. 59043).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=13696&amp;speccode=49203'>Kottelat, M. 1997 European freshwater fishes. An heuristic checklist of the freshwater fishes of Europe (exclusive of former USSR), with an introduction for non-systematists and comments on nomenclature and conservation. Biologia, Bratislava, 52/Suppl. 5:1-271. (Ref. 13696)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-DiagnosticDescr-49203</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Estelita Emily Capuli</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2023-08-09 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2023-08-09 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=49203</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats</subject>
	<dc:description>This species is distinguished by the following characters: a large whitefish species with strong pigmentation of all fins and the body; greenish blue colour on the flanks above lateral line; deep bodied, its body depth, 25.4 and 29% SL; snout blunt; head short, 20 and 22% SL; mouth sub-terminal; eye moderately large, its diameter 21.9 and 23.9% HL and with eye socket thick, 4.5 and 6.5% HL and triangular-shaped; caudal peduncle short and stout, its depth, 7.8 and 8.7% SL, its length, 13.3 and 13.5% SL; gill rakers many but rather short, the longest raker, 9.1% HL; total gill raker 35 (Ref. 123357).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=123357&amp;speccode=49203'>Selz, O.M., C.J. Dönz, P. Vonlanthen and O. Seehausen 2020 A taxonomic revision of the whitefish of lakes Brienz and Thun, Switzerland, with descriptions of four new species (Teleostei, Coregonidae). ZooKeys 989:79-162. (Ref. 123357)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Distribution-49203</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Armi G. Torres</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1998-07-21 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2025-11-05 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title></dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
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	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=49203</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat</subject>
	<dc:description>Europe: Switzerland (Lake Sempach).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=123357&amp;speccode=49203'>Selz, O.M., C.J. Dönz, P. Vonlanthen and O. Seehausen 2020 A taxonomic revision of the whitefish of lakes Brienz and Thun, Switzerland, with descriptions of four new species (Teleostei, Coregonidae). ZooKeys 989:79-162. (Ref. 123357)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Size-49203</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Armi G. Torres</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1998-07-21 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-05-16 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Max. size</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=49203</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription</subject>
	<dc:description>38.0 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 59043))</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='978-2-8399-0298-4' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=59043&amp;speccode=49203'>Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof 2007 Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Threats-2</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Belen Acosta</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1990-10-18 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-03-07 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology</subject>
	<dc:description>Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073'>IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Habitat-49203</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Armi G. Torres</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1998-07-21 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-05-16 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Environment</dc:title>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=49203</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution</subject>
	<dc:description>benthopelagic; freshwater</dc:description>
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