FB-5014 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5014 Animalia Chordata Elasmobranchii Rajiformes Rajidae Raja Raja miraletus Linnaeus, 1758 Raja motyl Peixe-areia Raia-de-dos-olhos Raia-de-espelhos Raia-de-quatro-olhos Raia-azul Rog Tweeoog-rog Raxha e zeshkët Raxha me dy pika Raxhë Baqara Mrâyeh Rejnok skvrnooký Razza stellina Spejlrokke Braunrochen Pfauenaugen-Rochen Spiegelrochen Vieräagiger Spiegelrochen Vieraugen-Rochen Vieräugiger Spiegelrochen Zweifleckiger Rochen Brown ray Brown skate Homelyn cuckoo ray Homelyn mirror ray Homelyn sandy ray Peacock Ray Skate Twineye ray Twineye skate Peegelrai Dado Kpetomedado Tatra Peilirausku Ikara Pélouza Raie Raie florifère Raie miraillée Raie miroir Raie zéro Raie-miroir Zerra Tantra sese Barakula Raža modropjega Arzilla Cchjaline Cchjalune Chiamida Occhialina Picara liscia Picara quattrocchi Picara quattuocchi Pichira fimminedda Pichira liscia Quatrochi Quatroci Quattrocchi Quattrucchi Quattuecchi Raja liscia Raja occhialuta Raja quattrocchi Rasa quatroci Rasa sfeuggoena Rascia liscia Razza argentina Razza occhiuta Razza quattrocchi Razza stellina Scritta a quattrogus Tappacunnu Raja lixxa Raja petruza Spegelrocka Aynalıvatoz balığı Kahverengi vatoz Скат дзеркальний Thiaukher Bachada escrita Clavellada Excrita Grisol Racho de escrita Raja de espejos Rajada de San Pere Rajada limpia Raya de espejos Ratjada Raya espejuelo Raya limpia Raya vera Retjada Matovatos Modropegasta raža Nuanan Rajada de miralls Spiegelrog Tandera ayena Tatra Tchibouèla Vulpe cu patru ochi Zoun Βάτος Ματόβατος Ράγια Ράσα Ράτσα Ρίνα Σαλάχι 鏡鰩 镜鳐 Raia miraletus Linnaeus, 1758 Raia oculata Stephan, 1779 Raia quadrimaculata Risso, 1827 Raia quadrimaculatus Risso, 1827 Raja milaretus Linnaeus, 1758 Raja oculata Stephan, 1779 Raja quadrimaculata Risso, 1827 Raya biocularis Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817 1992-02-11 2024-01-23 Breder, C.M. and D.E. 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Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5014 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Diseases http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Ramir_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Ramir_u0.gif FB-GeneralDescr-5014 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1992-02-11 00:00:00 2024-01-23 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5014 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Found over soft bottoms of the shelf and the uppermost slope (Ref. 5578). Depth range from 17-300 m, and up to depth of 462 m in the eastern Ionian Sea (Ref. 56504). Feed on all kinds of benthic animals, also on fish offal (Ref. 5578). Oviparous. Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Eggs are oblong capsules with stiff pointed horns at the corners deposited in sandy or muddy flats (Ref. 205). Egg capsules are 4.2-4.6 cm long and 2.7-2.9 cm wide (Ref. 41250). About 40-72 eggs are lain by an individual in a year (Ref. 41250). Caught by ski-boat anglers (Ref. 5578). McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn 1998 Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290. (Ref. 27314) FB-DiagnosticDescr-5014 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1996-11-25 00:00:00 2017-11-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5014 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Snout short and bluntly pointed; disc angular (Ref. 5578). Upper surface prickly only in young, nearly smooth in adults, underside smooth (Ref. 3167). Upper surface ochre to reddish-brown with scattered dark spots, underside white (Ref. 3167); two bright blue eyespots centered on the pectoral bases (Ref. 5578); may have a small dark spot on tip of snout (Ref. 2708). Stehmann, M. and D.L. Bürkel 1984 Rajidae. p. 163-196. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. vol. 1. (Ref. 3167) FB-Morphology-5014 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1996-11-25 00:00:00 2017-11-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5014 Dorsal spines (total): 0; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 0 Stehmann, M. and D.L. Bürkel 1984 Rajidae. p. 163-196. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. vol. 1. (Ref. 3167) FB-Distribution-5014 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1992-02-11 00:00:00 2023-06-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5014 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Northeast Atlantic: from Spain (Bay of Biscay) to Morocco and Madiera, including the Mediterranean Sea. Pavan-Kumar, A., R. Kumar, P. Pitale, K.-N. Shen and P. Borsa 2018 <i>Neotrygon indica</i> sp. nov., the Indian-Ocean blue spotted maskray (Myliobatoidei, Dasyatidae). Comptes Rendus Biologies, Elsevier Masson, 2018, 341:120 - 130. (Ref. 119150) FB-Uses-5014 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1992-02-11 00:00:00 2024-01-23 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5014 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats fisheries: commercial; gamefish: yes Schneider, W. 1990 FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Field guide to the commercial marine resources of the Gulf of Guinea. Prepared and published with the support of the FAO Regional Office for Africa. Rome: FAO. 268 p. (Ref. 2683) Compagno, L.J.V., D.A. Ebert and M.J. Smale 1989 Guide to the sharks and rays of southern Africa. New Holland (Publ.) Ltd., London. 158 p. (Ref. 5578) FB-LifeCycle-5014 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1992-02-11 00:00:00 2024-01-23 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=5014&StockCode=5248 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Oviparous, paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). With egg-cases laid from spring to summer (Ref. 3167). Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) FB-TrophicStrategy-5014 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1999-09-21 00:00:00 2007-08-28 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public miraletus http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Found over soft bottoms of the shelf and the uppermost slope (Ref. 5578). Depth range from 17-300 m, and up to depth of 462 m in the eastern Ionian Sea (Ref. 56504). Feeds on fish, squids, benthic organisms, all kinds of benthic animals and fish offal (Ref. 5578). Compagno, L.J.V., D.A. Ebert and M.J. Smale 1989 Guide to the sharks and rays of southern Africa. New Holland (Publ.) Ltd., London. 158 p. (Ref. 5578) FB-Size-5014 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1992-02-11 00:00:00 2024-01-23 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5014 63.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 39256)); 59.7 cm TL (female) McEachran, J.D., B. Seret and T. Miyake 1989 Morphological variation within <i>Raja miraletus</i> and status of <i>R. ocellifera</i> (Chondrichthyes, Rajoidei). Copeia 1989(3):629-641. (Ref. 39256) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-5014 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1992-02-11 00:00:00 2024-01-23 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5014 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats demersal; brackish; marine; depth range 17 - 462 m (Ref. 56504), usually 50 - 150 m (Ref. 27121) Mytilineou, C., C.-Y. Politou, C. Papaconstantinou, S. Kavadas, G. D'Onghia and L. Sion 2005 Deep-water fish fauna in the Eastern Ionian Sea. Belg. J. Zool., 135(2):229-233. (Ref. 56504) Bianchi, G., K.E. Carpenter, J.-P. Roux, F.J. Molloy, D. Boyer and H.J. Boyer 1999 FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. Field guide to the living marine resources of Namibia. FAO, Rome. 265p. (Ref. 27121)