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<taxon>
	<dc:identifier>FB-5377</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5377</dc:source>
	<dwc:Kingdom>Animalia</dwc:Kingdom>
	<dwc:Phylum>Chordata</dwc:Phylum>
	<dwc:Class>Teleostei</dwc:Class>
	<dwc:Order>Siluriformes</dwc:Order>
	<dwc:Family>Callichthyidae</dwc:Family>
	<dwc:Genus>Hoplosternum</dwc:Genus>
	<dwc:ScientificName>Hoplosternum littorale (Hancock, 1828)</dwc:ScientificName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Atipa</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Caborja</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Camboatá</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Cascudo</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Curite</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Tamboatá</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Tamoatá</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Tamuata</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='pt'>Tamuatá</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='da'>Atipa-pansermalle</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='de'>Küstenschwielenwels</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='de'>Lehmpanzerwels</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Atipa</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Brown hoplo</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Catfish</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Hassar</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fi'>Rantamonni</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fr'>Cascudo</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='es'>Cascarudo</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Atipa</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Atipa bosco</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Atpa</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Bata</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Bosko</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Kaliwalou</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Kareou</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Katiina kuikui</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Katina kouikoui</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Katrina kwikwi</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Kwikwi</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Pantservis</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Soke kwi-kwi</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>滨岸护胸鲶</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>濱岸護胸鯰</commonName>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Callichthys albidus Valenciennes, 1840</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Callichthys chiquitos Castelnau, 1855</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Callichthys laevigatus Valenciennes, 1834</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Callichthys littoralis Hancock, 1828</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Callichthys melampterus Cope, 1872</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Callichthys subulatus Valenciennes, 1840</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Cascadura maculocephala Ellis, 1913</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Cataphractops melampterus (Cope, 1872)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Hoplosternum laevigatum (Valenciennes, 1836)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Hoplosternum littorale daillyi Hoedeman, 1952</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Hoplosternum littoralis daillyi Hoedeman, 1952</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Hoplosternum schreineri Miranda Ribeiro, 1911</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Hoplosternum shirui Fowler, 1940</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Hoplosternum stevardii Gill, 1858</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Hoplosternum thoracatum cayennae Hoedeman, 1961</synonym>
	<dcterms:created>1992-04-08</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2015-09-22</dcterms:modified>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=96513&amp;speccode=5377'>da Costa, M.R., T. Moreti and F.G. Araújo0 Length-weight relationships of 20 fish species in the Guandu River, Rio de Janeiro State, Southeastern Brazil. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 30(1):200-201. (Ref. 96513)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=97589&amp;speccode=5377'>Casatti, L., M.A. Pérez-Mayorga, F.R. Carvalho, G.L. Brejão and I.D. da Costa0 The stream fish fauna from the rio Machado basin, Rondônia State, Brazil. Check List 9(6):1496-1504. (Ref. 97589)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=100741&amp;speccode=5377'>Nobile, A.B., E.M. Brambilla, F.P. de Lima, D. Freitas-Souza, I.L. Bayona-Perez and E.D. Carvalho0 Length-weight relationships of 37 fish species from the Taquari River (Paranapanema Basin, Brazil). J. Appl. Ichthyol. 31:580-582. (Ref. 100741)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=101110&amp;speccode=5377'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=104645&amp;speccode=5377'>Orfinger, A.B.0 Selected population characteristics of the non-native catfish &lt;i&gt;Hoplosternum littorale&lt;/i&gt; (Hancock, 1828) in central Florida, USA. Intl. J. Aquat. Biol. 3(4):258-262. (Ref. 104645)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=104647&amp;speccode=5377'>Almeida, L.R. and J.O. Branco0 Aspectos biológicos de &lt;i&gt;Stellifer stellifer&lt;/i&gt; (Bloch) na pesca artesanal do camarão sete-barbas, Armação do Itapocoroy, Penha, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Rev. Bras. Zool. 19(2):601-610. (Ref. 104647)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=111696&amp;speccode=5377'>Albieri, R.J., M.R. Costa, A.B.I. Santos, R.C. Albieri and F.G. Araújo0 Weight-length relationships of 22 fish species from the Paraíba do Sul River in Rio de Janeiro State, southeastern Brazil. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 30(2):431-433. (Ref. 111696)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=111720&amp;speccode=5377'>Batista-Silva, V.F., D. Bailly, E.A.L. Kashiwaqui, M.C.F. Abelha and W.J. Graça0 Length-weight relationships for 55 freshwater fish species from the Iguatemi River, Upper Paraná basin, Brazil. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 31:257-260. (Ref. 111720)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=115257&amp;speccode=5377'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=116654&amp;speccode=5377'>Saks, L.0 Estonian Common Names, Rank 2. Personal communication (Ref. 116654)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=118272&amp;speccode=5377'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed May, 2018] (Ref. 118272)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=126106&amp;speccode=5377'>Dean, E.M., A.R. Cooper, L. Wang, W. Daniel, S. David, C. Ernzen, K.B. Gido, E Hale, T.J. Haxton, W. Kelso, N. Leonard, C. Lido, J. Margraf, M. Porter, C. Pennock, D. Propst, J. Ross, M.D. Staudinger, G. Whelan and D.M. Infante0 The North American Freshwater Migratory Fish Database (NAFMFD): Characterizing the migratory life histories of freshwater fishes of Canada, the United States of Mexico. J. Biogeography 49:1193-1203. (Ref. 126106)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=137577&amp;speccode=5377'>Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577)</reference><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Adults inhabit swamps (Ref. 11225).  During the rainy season, adults consume a great quantity of chironomids associated with detritus.  During the dry season, they feed mostly on terrestrial insects, micro-crustaceans, aquatic Diptera, and detritus. They absorb a great quantity of anaerobic bacteria from the substrate (Ref. 27188).  First reproduction occurs after one year (Ref. 35381).  Used to be cultured commercially in Guyana (Ref. 7306).  Cultured in Trinidad on a semi-commercial scale (Ref. 11225).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=26144&amp;speccode=5377'>Reis, R.E. 1997 Revision of the neotropical catfish genus &lt;i&gt;Hoplosternum&lt;/i&gt; (Ostariophysi: Siluriformes: Callichthyidae), with the description of two new genera and three new species. Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwat. 7(3-4):299-326. (Ref. 26144)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>South America:  Most Cis-Andean South American river drainages north of Buenos Aires, Argentina (Ref. 37395).  Introduced in the USA (Ref. 104645).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='85-7430-361-5' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=37395&amp;speccode=5377'>Reis, R.E. 2003 Callichthyidae (Armored catfishes). p. 291-309. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil. (Ref. 37395)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats</subject>
	<dc:description>fisheries: commercial; aquaculture: commercial; aquarium: commercial</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='0-913235-53-9' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4537&amp;speccode=5377'>Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott 1991 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537)</reference>
	<reference isbn='976-8136-74-X (pbk.).' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=11225&amp;speccode=5377'>Kenny, J.S. 1995 Views from the bridge: a memoir on the freshwater fishes of Trinidad. Julian S. Kenny, Maracas, St. Joseph, Trinidad and Tobago. 98 p. (Ref. 11225)</reference>
	<reference isbn='0-913235-53-9' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4537&amp;speccode=5377'>Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott 1991 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Armi G. Torres</agent>
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	<dc:description>Reproduction begins with the rainy season (December-January). The male, at times helped by the female, builds a nest made of a cluster of mucus bubbles and vegetal matter. Responding to a nuptial parade, the female lays down her eggs (5,000 to 20,000, measuring1.8 mm in diameter) which are fertilized by sprinkling sperm previously collected in her mouth. The male guards the eggs during incubation and becomes very aggressive (Ref. 35381).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=26554&amp;speccode=5377'>Mol, J.H. 1993 Structure and function of floating bubble nests of three armoured catfishes (Callichthyidae) in relation to the aquatic environment. p. 167-197. In P.E. Ouboter (ed.) The freshwater ecosystems of Suriname. Dordrecht, Kluwer Academic Publishers. (Ref. 26554)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Pascualita Sa-a</agent>
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	<dc:source>littorale</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription</subject>
	<dc:description>Inhabits swamps (Ref. 11225).  During the rainy season, adults consume a great quantity of chironomids associated with detritus.  During the dry season, they feed mostly on terrestrial insects, microcrustaceans, aquatic Diptera, and detritus.  Absorbs a great quantity of anaerobic bacteria from the substrate (Ref. 27188).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=27188&amp;speccode=5377'>Boujard, T., M. Pascal, F.J. Meunier and P.-Y. Le Bail 1997 Poissons de Guyane. Guide écologique de l'Approuague et de la réserve des Nouragues. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Paris, 219 p. (Ref. 27188)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Susan M. Luna</agent>
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	<dc:title>Max. size</dc:title>
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	<dc:description>26.3 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 104645)); max. reported age: 4 years (Ref. 51639)</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=104645&amp;speccode=5377'>Orfinger, A.B. 2015 Selected population characteristics of the non-native catfish &lt;i&gt;Hoplosternum littorale&lt;/i&gt; (Hancock, 1828) in central Florida, USA. Intl. J. Aquat. Biol. 3(4):258-262. (Ref. 104645)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51639&amp;speccode=5377'>Meunier, F.J., N. Journiac, S. Lavoué and N. Rabet 2002 Histological charactersitics of the skeletal growth marks of the Atipa, &lt;i&gt;Hoplosternum littorale&lt;/i&gt; (Hancock, 1828) (Teleostei, Siluriformes), in the swamp of Kaw (French Guiana). Bull. Fr. Piscic. 364:71-86. (Ref. 51639)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073'>IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>demersal; non-migratory (Ref. 126106); freshwater; depth range 1 - ? m (Ref. 11225)</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=126106&amp;speccode=5377'>Dean, E.M., A.R. Cooper, L. Wang, W. Daniel, S. David, C. Ernzen, K.B. Gido, E Hale, T.J. Haxton, W. Kelso, N. Leonard, C. Lido, J. Margraf, M. Porter, C. Pennock, D. Propst, J. Ross, M.D. Staudinger, G. Whelan and D.M. Infante 2022 The North American Freshwater Migratory Fish Database (NAFMFD): Characterizing the migratory life histories of freshwater fishes of Canada, the United States of Mexico. J. Biogeography 49:1193-1203. (Ref. 126106)</reference>
	<reference isbn='976-8136-74-X (pbk.).' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=11225&amp;speccode=5377'>Kenny, J.S. 1995 Views from the bridge: a memoir on the freshwater fishes of Trinidad. Julian S. Kenny, Maracas, St. Joseph, Trinidad and Tobago. 98 p. (Ref. 11225)</reference></dataObject>
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